{
  "meta": {
    "total": 1000,
    "description": "Water Data Group — complete dataset directory",
    "updated": "2026-04-04",
    "docs": "https://waterdatagroup.com/developers"
  },
  "data": [
    {
      "name": "Afghanistan Drought Early Warning Decision Support (AF-DEWS)",
      "description": "World Bank-supported cloud-based drought early warning system with meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural drought monitoring for food security",
      "url": "https://www.mew.gov.af/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Meteorological Drought Indices",
        "Hydrological Drought Monitoring",
        "Agricultural Drought Assessments",
        "Precipitation Data",
        "Drought Thresholds",
        "Seasonal Weather Forecasts",
        "Food Security Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Afghanistan",
      "coverage": "Afghanistan nationwide with focus on drought-prone agricultural regions",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Afghanistan Water Resources Database",
      "description": "Central Asian water security research",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/countries-and-basins/country-profiles/country/AFG",
      "category": "UN Organization",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Arid Zone Hydrology",
        "Transboundary Waters",
        "Water Scarcity"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Afghanistan",
      "country": "Afghanistan",
      "coverage": "FAO AQUASTAT country profile",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "African Water Facility",
      "description": "African water infrastructure",
      "url": "https://www.afdb.org/en/topics-and-sectors/initiatives-partnerships/african-water-facility",
      "category": "Regional",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Infrastructure",
        "Investment Data",
        "Policy Analysis"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "coverage": "AfDB member countries",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "African Water Information System (AWIS)",
      "description": "Pan-African portal indexing water information across African river basin organizations, providing access to documents, datasets, and data on major river basins including Niger, Congo, and Senegal",
      "url": "https://www.sadieau.org/en",
      "category": "Portal",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Basin Data",
        "Water Policy",
        "Research Documents",
        "Basin Organization Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "coverage": "Continental (major African river basins)"
    },
    {
      "name": "AGRHYMET Regional Climate Centre (Sahel)",
      "description": "CILSS regional centre providing satellite-based monitoring of rainfall, vegetation, drought, and water resources for 13 West African/Sahel member states with a Regional Watch Room for real-time climate extremes",
      "url": "https://agrhymet.cilss.int/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rainfall Monitoring",
        "Drought Indicators",
        "Vegetation Index",
        "Water Resources",
        "Climate Forecasts"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "coverage": "13 West African and Sahel countries"
    },
    {
      "name": "Agricultural Water Management Database",
      "description": "Irrigation and water management practices data",
      "url": "https://www.nass.usda.gov/Surveys/Guide_to_NASS_Surveys/Farm_and_Ranch_Irrigation/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Irrigation Data",
        "Water Management",
        "Agricultural Practices",
        "Water Use Efficiency",
        "Conservation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "US agricultural water management",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "AlertManager",
      "description": "Alert handling and notification system for water monitoring",
      "url": "https://prometheus.io/docs/alerting/latest/alertmanager/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Alert Management",
        "Notifications",
        "Incident Response",
        "Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Monitoring and alerting systems"
    },
    {
      "name": "Algeria National Water Observatory",
      "description": "North African water research center",
      "url": "https://www.oss-online.org/",
      "category": "Regional",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Desert Hydrology",
        "Groundwater Depletion",
        "Coastal Aquifers"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Algeria",
      "country": "Algeria",
      "coverage": "Sahara Observatory data",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alliance for Water Efficiency Tools",
      "description": "Water conservation calculators and planning tools",
      "url": "https://allianceforwaterefficiency.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Conservation Planning",
        "Efficiency Calculators",
        "Program Design",
        "Best Practices"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Water conservation programs"
    },
    {
      "name": "Amazon Water Observatory",
      "description": "Rainforest hydrological monitoring system",
      "url": "https://www.snirh.gov.br/hidrotelemetria/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Levels",
        "Precipitation",
        "Amazon Basin",
        "Real-time Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South America",
      "country": "Brazil",
      "coverage": "Amazon Basin",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "AMCOW Water & Sanitation Monitoring System",
      "description": "Africa's continent-wide automated monitoring system capturing harmonised water and sanitation progress indicators across all 55 African Union member states with maps and analytics",
      "url": "https://www.africawat-sanreports.org/Ui",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Supply",
        "Sanitation",
        "WASH Indicators",
        "Progress Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "coverage": "Continental (55 AU member states)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ANA Brazil Water Information",
      "description": "Brazilian National Water Agency - SNIRH National Water Resources Information System",
      "url": "https://www.gov.br/ana/en/information",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Resources",
        "Water Quality",
        "Water Availability",
        "Demand Data",
        "Monitoring Networks"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South America",
      "country": "Brazil",
      "coverage": "Brazil nationwide water resources",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Apache Kafka",
      "description": "Stream processing platform for real-time water data",
      "url": "https://kafka.apache.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Stream Processing",
        "Real-time Data",
        "Message Broker",
        "Event Streaming"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Real-time data streaming"
    },
    {
      "name": "Apache Mahout",
      "description": "Scalable machine learning for large water datasets",
      "url": "https://mahout.apache.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Machine Learning",
        "Big Data",
        "Clustering",
        "Recommendation Systems"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Large-scale machine learning"
    },
    {
      "name": "Apache NiFi",
      "description": "Data flow automation for water system integration",
      "url": "https://nifi.apache.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Data Flow",
        "ETL",
        "System Integration",
        "Real-time Processing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Data integration pipelines"
    },
    {
      "name": "Apache Spark",
      "description": "Unified analytics engine for large-scale data processing",
      "url": "https://spark.apache.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Big Data",
        "Distributed Computing",
        "Stream Processing",
        "Analytics"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Large-scale data processing"
    },
    {
      "name": "APWRIMS Andhra Pradesh",
      "description": "AP Water Resources Information Management System",
      "url": "https://apwrims.ap.gov.in/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Well Inventory",
        "Water Quality",
        "Aquifer Mapping",
        "Real-time Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "1.6 lakh groundwater structures",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "AquaCrop",
      "description": "FAO crop water productivity model for yield prediction under water stress",
      "url": "http://www.fao.org/aquacrop/en/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Crop Modeling",
        "Water Productivity",
        "Climate Scenarios",
        "Yield Prediction"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Agricultural production systems"
    },
    {
      "name": "AQUASIM",
      "description": "Aquatic systems simulation software for water and wastewater treatment",
      "url": "https://www.eawag.ch/en/department/siam/software/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Treatment",
        "Process Modeling",
        "Biokinetics",
        "Reactor Design"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Water treatment facilities"
    },
    {
      "name": "AQUATOX",
      "description": "Aquatic ecosystem model for environmental risk assessment",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/ceam/aquatox",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Ecosystem Modeling",
        "Risk Assessment",
        "Aquatic Systems",
        "Environmental Fate"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Aquatic ecosystems"
    },
    {
      "name": "Argentina SNIH - National Hydrological Information System",
      "description": "Argentina's national hydrological information system providing validated historical data and real-time telemetric station data in CSV, JSON, GeoJSON, and GeoTIFF formats under Creative Commons",
      "url": "https://snih.hidricosargentina.gob.ar/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Water Levels",
        "Precipitation",
        "Hydrometric Data",
        "Real-time Telemetry"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Latin America",
      "country": "Argentina",
      "coverage": "National hydrological network"
    },
    {
      "name": "Argo Float Program",
      "description": "Global ocean profiling network with 4000+ autonomous floats",
      "url": "https://argo.ucsd.edu/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Ocean Temperature",
        "Salinity",
        "Ocean Profiles",
        "Real-time Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global ocean to 2000m depth",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "ARSO Slovenia Water",
      "description": "Slovenian Environment Agency - national environmental data provider with precipitation and discharge archives",
      "url": "https://www.arso.gov.si/en/water/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Discharge",
        "Water Quality",
        "Surface Water",
        "Real-time Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Slovenia",
      "coverage": "Slovenia nationwide water monitoring",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "ASI PRISMA Hyperspectral Satellite",
      "description": "Italian Space Agency hyperspectral Earth observation mission providing 30m resolution imagery across 400-2500nm for inland water quality monitoring including turbidity, chlorophyll-a, and algae detection",
      "url": "https://prisma.asi.it/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hyperspectral Imagery",
        "Water Quality",
        "Turbidity",
        "Chlorophyll-a",
        "Land Cover"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, 30m resolution, 30km swath"
    },
    {
      "name": "Asian Water Development Outlook",
      "description": "Asia-Pacific water security",
      "url": "https://www.adb.org/what-we-do/topics/water/asian-water-development-outlook-dashboard",
      "category": "Regional",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Security",
        "Infrastructure",
        "Investment"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia-Pacific",
      "coverage": "ADB member countries",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Atal Bhujal Yojana Portal",
      "description": "Community-led sustainable groundwater management",
      "url": "https://ataljal.mowr.gov.in/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Management",
        "Community Participation",
        "Water Stressed Areas",
        "Sustainability",
        "Participatory Approach"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Water stressed regions",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Australia BoM Water Data",
      "description": "Australian water monitoring",
      "url": "https://www.bom.gov.au/waterdata/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Australia",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "3500+ stations",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time"
    },
    {
      "name": "Australia Bureau of Meteorology Drought Monitoring",
      "description": "Rainfall deficiencies analysis using deciles methodology with historical comparison since 1900",
      "url": "https://www.bom.gov.au/climate/drought/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rainfall Deciles",
        "Drought Classification",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Water Availability"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Australia",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "Continental Australia",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Australia Bureau of Meteorology Flood Warnings",
      "description": "National flood forecasting and warning service with real-time river and rainfall data",
      "url": "https://www.bom.gov.au/water/floods/index.shtml",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Data",
        "Flood Warnings",
        "Real-time Data",
        "River Levels",
        "Rainfall",
        "Flood Forecasting"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Australia",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "All Australian states and territories",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Australian Rainfall Maps and Analysis",
      "description": "Historical and recent rainfall maps with percentiles and anomalies",
      "url": "https://www.bom.gov.au/climate/maps/rainfall/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rainfall Totals",
        "Percentiles",
        "Anomalies",
        "Drought Indicators"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Australia",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "Australia nationwide",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Australian Water Outlook",
      "description": "BOM hydroclimate forecasts and projections platform",
      "url": "https://awo.bom.gov.au/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Runoff",
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Precipitation",
        "Hydrological Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "Australia nationwide forecasts",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Austria Federal Water Engineering",
      "description": "Alpine hydrology research institute",
      "url": "https://www.bmlrt.gv.at/wasser.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Alpine Hydrology",
        "Glacier Monitoring",
        "Mountain Watersheds"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Austria",
      "country": "Austria",
      "coverage": "Alpine research network",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "AVISO+ Satellite Altimetry Products",
      "description": "CNES French satellite altimetry archive providing sea surface height, sea level anomaly, geostrophic velocities, and ocean topography from multi-mission altimeter data (Jason, Sentinel-3/6, SARAL) since 1993",
      "url": "https://www.aviso.altimetry.fr/en/data/data-access.html",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sea Surface Height",
        "Sea Level Anomaly",
        "Geostrophic Currents",
        "Ocean Topography",
        "Along-Track Altimetry"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global oceans, multi-mission, 1993-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "AWS NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 Registry",
      "description": "Amazon Web Services open data registry for CMIP6",
      "url": "https://registry.opendata.aws/nex-gddp-cmip6/",
      "category": "Company",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Cloud Data",
        "CMIP6 Archive",
        "S3 Storage",
        "API Access",
        "Global Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Cloud-based CMIP6 access",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "AWS Open Data Registry - Satellite Imagery",
      "description": "Collection of freely accessible satellite imagery datasets hosted on AWS including Sentinel, Landsat, GOES, NOAA, and environmental monitoring data optimized for cloud-based analysis",
      "url": "https://registry.opendata.aws/tag/satellite-imagery/",
      "category": "Company",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Satellite Imagery",
        "Cloud Data",
        "Remote Sensing",
        "Environmental Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, multiple satellite missions on AWS"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics - Environment & Water Statistics",
      "description": "National statistical office providing environmental statistics including water and sanitation data through the Statistical Yearbook and Environment, Climate Change and Disaster Statistics Cell",
      "url": "https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water & Sanitation Statistics",
        "Environmental Statistics",
        "Climate Change Data",
        "Statistical Yearbooks"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "Bangladesh",
      "coverage": "National household and environmental surveys"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bangladesh Deltaic Research Center",
      "description": "World's largest river delta studies",
      "url": "https://iwfm.buet.ac.bd/site/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Delta Hydrology",
        "Salinity Intrusion",
        "Flood Management"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Bangladesh",
      "country": "Bangladesh",
      "coverage": "Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bangladesh Flood Forecasting & Warning Centre (FFWC)",
      "description": "Real-time flood forecasting system with 10-day forecasts using satellite imagery, weather radar, and water level data",
      "url": "https://www.ffwc.gov.bd/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Forecasts",
        "Water Levels",
        "Rainfall Data",
        "Inundation Maps",
        "Google Flood Alerts"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Bangladesh",
      "coverage": "National Bangladesh river systems",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Bangladesh Hydroinformatics and Flood Forecasting Circle",
      "description": "Comprehensive hydrological data and flood forecasting managed by Chief Engineer Hydrology",
      "url": "http://www.hydrology.bwdb.gov.bd/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data",
        "Water Levels",
        "Rainfall Tables",
        "Flood Summaries",
        "Daily Bulletins"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Bangladesh",
      "coverage": "Bangladesh river basins",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bangladesh Meteorological Department",
      "description": "Weather and hydrological data",
      "url": "https://live6.bmd.gov.bd/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rainfall",
        "River Discharge",
        "Flood Forecasting",
        "Climate Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Bangladesh",
      "country": "Bangladesh",
      "coverage": "National monitoring network",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bangladesh Water Development Board",
      "description": "National water resources management",
      "url": "https://www.bwdb.gov.bd/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Management",
        "Flood Control",
        "Drainage",
        "Coastal Protection"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Bangladesh",
      "country": "Bangladesh",
      "coverage": "National water infrastructure",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Barcelona Smart Water Grid",
      "description": "City-wide IoT water management",
      "url": "https://www.tomorrow.city/barcelonas-innovative-smart-water-management-makes-the-most-of-every-drop/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "IoT Data",
        "Smart Grid",
        "Leak Detection",
        "Flow Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Spain",
      "country": "Spain",
      "coverage": "25% water conservation achieved",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "BASINS",
      "description": "Better Assessment Science Integrating point and Nonpoint Sources",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/hydrowq/better-assessment-science-integrating-point-and-non-point-sources-basins",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Watershed Assessment",
        "Point Sources",
        "Nonpoint Sources",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Watershed management"
    },
    {
      "name": "Basque Marine Monitoring Network",
      "description": "AI-ready marine biodiversity dataset 1995-2023",
      "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/ocean-sustainability/articles/10.3389/focsu.2024.1528837/full",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Marine Biodiversity",
        "Long-term Monitoring",
        "AI-ready Data",
        "Coastal Ecosystems",
        "Environmental Assessment"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "Basque Country 1995-2023",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "BCCAQ Global CMIP6 Dataset",
      "description": "Bias correction constructed analogues with quantile mapping",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02528-x",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Statistical Downscaling",
        "BCCAQ Method",
        "Daily Data",
        "Extreme Events",
        "18 GCMs"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global bias-corrected daily data",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "BDLISA French Hydrogeological Database",
      "description": "National hydrogeological database with groundwater monitoring and state assessment by BRGM",
      "url": "https://www.brgm.fr/en/reference-completed-project/bdlisa-french-hydrogeological-database",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrogeological Data",
        "Groundwater Monitoring",
        "Aquifer Assessments",
        "Groundwater State"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "France",
      "coverage": "France nationwide groundwater systems",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Beijing Climate Centre",
      "description": "China Meteorological Administration's climate center providing precipitation, climate services, and water-related climate data",
      "url": "https://bcc.ncc-cma.net/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Climate Data",
        "Water Resources",
        "Climate Services",
        "Hydrological Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "China",
      "coverage": "China - National climate and hydrological monitoring",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Belgium Water Research Institute",
      "description": "European lowlands water studies",
      "url": "https://www.vmm.be/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lowland Hydrology",
        "Urban Water",
        "River Basin Management"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Belgium",
      "country": "Belgium",
      "coverage": "Flemish water research",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bhutan National Environment Commission (NEC)",
      "description": "National climate adaptation and water security monitoring with Bhutan Water Security Index (BWSI) covering rural/urban water supply, agriculture, industries, hydropower, environmental security",
      "url": "http://www.nec.gov.bt/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Security Indices",
        "Climate Risk Assessments",
        "Agriculture/Livestock Monitoring",
        "Water Resources/Energy Data",
        "Natural Disasters Monitoring",
        "Hydropower Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Bhutan",
      "coverage": "Bhutan nationwide with focus on water security and agriculture",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Bhuvan Water",
      "description": "ISRO geospatial water resources portal for India",
      "url": "https://bhuvan.nrsc.gov.in/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Remote Sensing",
        "Water Resources",
        "Irrigation",
        "Watershed"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Indian subcontinent",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bias-Corrected CMIP6 for Dynamical Downscaling",
      "description": "ERA5-based bias correction for regional climate modeling",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-021-01079-3",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Dynamical Downscaling",
        "ERA5 Bias Correction",
        "6-hourly Data",
        "1.25° Resolution",
        "Boundary Conditions"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global boundary condition data",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bokeh",
      "description": "Interactive visualization library for web browsers",
      "url": "https://bokeh.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Interactive Visualization",
        "Web Applications",
        "Dashboard Creation",
        "Python Library"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Web-based data visualization"
    },
    {
      "name": "BOM Hydrologic Reference Stations",
      "description": "Australian streamflow data visualization and trend analysis portal",
      "url": "https://www.bom.gov.au/water/hrs/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow Data",
        "Trend Analysis",
        "Hydrologic Reference",
        "Data Visualization"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "Australian reference station network",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brazil ANA Flood Monitoring",
      "description": "National hydrometric network with flood alerts and vulnerability atlas",
      "url": "https://www.gov.br/ana/en/monitoring",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Data",
        "River Levels",
        "Flow Data",
        "Rainfall",
        "Flood Warnings",
        "Vulnerability Mapping"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South America",
      "country": "Brazil",
      "coverage": "National hydrographic basins and reservoir systems",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Brazil HidroWeb",
      "description": "Brazilian water resources",
      "url": "https://www.snirh.gov.br/hidroweb/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data",
        "Precipitation",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Brazil",
      "country": "Brazil",
      "coverage": "National network",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brunei Department of Agriculture and Agrifood",
      "description": "Agricultural water resources and sustainable farming with soil/groundwater investigations for rice cultivation and irrigation water quality assessments",
      "url": "http://www.agriculture.gov.bn/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Irrigation Water Quality",
        "Soil Analyses",
        "Groundwater Quality for Agriculture",
        "Rice Cultivation Water Requirements",
        "Agricultural Sustainability Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Brunei",
      "coverage": "Brunei agricultural regions (4 districts)",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brunei Ministry of Development Water Services",
      "description": "Integrated water resources management with daily treated water monitoring, river basin management (4 main basins), and water quality assessments for agriculture",
      "url": "https://www.mod.gov.bn/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Treated Water Monitoring",
        "River Water Quality",
        "Drainage/Stormwater Monitoring",
        "Groundwater Irrigation Suitability",
        "Soil/Water Agricultural Assessments"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Brunei",
      "coverage": "Brunei nationwide (Temburong, Belait, Tutong, Brunei river basins)",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bureau of Reclamation HDB",
      "description": "Hydrologic database for water management",
      "url": "https://data.usbr.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Reservoir Operations",
        "Water Supply",
        "Hydropower",
        "River Systems"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "USA",
      "country": "USA",
      "coverage": "17 western states water projects",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "C3S Satellite Lake Water Level",
      "description": "Copernicus Climate Change Service satellite altimetry-derived water level time series for 9000+ inland water bodies globally from 1992 to present using multiple altimeter missions",
      "url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/satellite-lake-water-level",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lake Water Level",
        "Satellite Altimetry",
        "Reservoir Levels",
        "Time Series",
        "Water Storage"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "9000+ lakes and reservoirs, 1992-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "C3S Satellite Land Cover",
      "description": "Copernicus Climate Change Initiative global land cover maps at 300m resolution from 1992 to present derived from multiple satellite sensors including AVHRR, SPOT-VGT, MERIS, and Sentinel-3",
      "url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/satellite-land-cover",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Land Cover Classification",
        "Land Use Change",
        "Water Bodies",
        "Annual Maps",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, 300m resolution, annual maps 1992-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "C3S Satellite Sea Level Gridded Data",
      "description": "Multi-mission satellite altimetry sea level anomaly gridded products from 1993 to present providing global mean sea level trends and regional variations from Copernicus Climate Data Store",
      "url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/satellite-sea-level-global",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sea Level Anomaly",
        "Mean Sea Level Trends",
        "Satellite Altimetry",
        "Ocean Topography"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global oceans, 0.25-degree daily, 1993-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "California Data Exchange Center",
      "description": "California water resources data",
      "url": "https://cdec.water.ca.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Reservoir Data",
        "Snow Conditions",
        "River Stages",
        "Weather"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "USA",
      "country": "USA",
      "coverage": "California state",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "California InSAR Subsidence Data (TRE ALTAMIRA)",
      "description": "Sentinel-1 InSAR vertical ground displacement measurements across 200+ California groundwater basins from 2015-2022 at 100m grid resolution for SGMA groundwater sustainability compliance",
      "url": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/tre-altamira-insar-subsidence",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "InSAR",
        "Land Subsidence",
        "Groundwater Basin Monitoring",
        "Vertical Displacement"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "200+ California groundwater basins, 2015-2022"
    },
    {
      "name": "CALVIN",
      "description": "California Value Integrated Network for water resources",
      "url": "https://calvin.ucdavis.edu/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Economic Optimization",
        "Water Markets",
        "System Analysis",
        "Policy Analysis"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Research",
      "region": "United States",
      "coverage": "California water system"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cambodia Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (MOWRAM)",
      "description": "National water resources management and meteorological services with 24 Automatic Weather Stations and 29 Automatic Hydrological Stations providing real-time data for agriculture sector",
      "url": "http://www.cambodiameteo.com/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Air Temperature",
        "Relative Humidity",
        "Dew Point",
        "Wind Speed/Direction",
        "Rainfall",
        "Water Levels",
        "Water Temperature",
        "Agricultural Meteorology",
        "Irrigation Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Cambodia",
      "coverage": "Cambodia nationwide with focus on agricultural regions",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "CAMELS-DE Hydrological Dataset",
      "description": "Comprehensive hydro-meteorological dataset for 1555 streamflow gauges with 70-year time series (1951-2020), addressing Germany's decentralized data management",
      "url": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/5625/2024/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow Data",
        "Hydro-meteorological Time Series",
        "Catchment Attributes",
        "Historical Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Germany",
      "coverage": "Germany nationwide - 1555 catchments",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Canada Active Floods Open Data (RADARSAT)",
      "description": "Natural Resources Canada Emergency Geomatics Service providing near-real-time flood extent polygons derived from RADARSAT SAR and Landsat imagery, updated within 4 hours during active flood events",
      "url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/9cad712a-5ac5-4248-b7d7-2db1a3892509",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Extent Maps",
        "SAR Flood Detection",
        "Near-Real-Time Mapping",
        "Emergency Response Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "Canada nationwide, near-real-time during events"
    },
    {
      "name": "Canada EODMS (Earth Observation Data Management System)",
      "description": "Natural Resources Canada platform for discovering and downloading RADARSAT Constellation Mission, RADARSAT-2, and RADARSAT-1 SAR imagery for flood mapping, ice monitoring, and water body detection",
      "url": "https://www.eodms-sgdot.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/index-en.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "SAR Imagery",
        "Flood Mapping",
        "Ice Monitoring",
        "Water Body Detection",
        "Coastal Surveillance"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "Global (focus on Canada), RADARSAT 1995-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "Canada HYDAT Database",
      "description": "Canadian hydrometric data",
      "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/water-overview/quantity/monitoring/survey/data-products-services/national-archive-hydat.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Levels",
        "Flow Data",
        "Sediment"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Canada",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "7900+ stations",
      "lastUpdated": "Quarterly"
    },
    {
      "name": "Canadian Ice Service",
      "description": "Ice and frozen water monitoring for Canadian waters",
      "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/ice-forecasts-observations.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Ice Coverage",
        "Lake Ice",
        "River Ice",
        "Marine Ice"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Canada",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "Canadian waters and Arctic",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Catchments.ie Ireland",
      "description": "Collaborative water quality data platform for all Irish waterbodies with EPA Water Map",
      "url": "https://www.catchments.ie/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Catchment Assessments",
        "EPA Water Map",
        "Community Data",
        "46 Catchments"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Ireland",
      "coverage": "All Irish waterbodies",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "CE-QUAL-ICM",
      "description": "Integrated Compartment Water Quality Model",
      "url": "https://www.erdc.usace.army.mil/Locations/CHL/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Eutrophication",
        "Sediment Diagenesis",
        "Ecosystem Modeling"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Estuarine and coastal waters"
    },
    {
      "name": "CE-QUAL-W2 Water Quality Model",
      "description": "2D longitudinal/vertical water quality model",
      "url": "https://github.com/EcohydrologyTeam/CE-QUAL-W2",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "2D Water Quality",
        "Reservoir Modeling",
        "Lake Modeling",
        "Temperature",
        "Water Quality Constituents"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Lakes and reservoirs",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Central Asia Climate Information Portal (CACIP)",
      "description": "Regional climate information platform providing climate data and tools for water management, agriculture, and drought monitoring across Central Asian countries",
      "url": "https://centralasiaclimateportal.org/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Data",
        "Drought Monitoring",
        "Water Resource Information",
        "Agricultural Climate Data",
        "Remote Sensing Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Central Asia",
      "coverage": "Central Asia region (Aral Sea basin countries)",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Central Asian Institute for Applied Geosciences (CAIAG)",
      "description": "Regional water and climate monitoring with 18 remotely operated multi-parameter stations (ROMPS) serving Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan with drought monitoring systems",
      "url": "https://www.caiag.kg/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrometeorological Data (10 years)",
        "Satellite Drought Monitoring",
        "Agricultural Drought Indices",
        "Water Resource Assessments",
        "Glacier Monitoring",
        "Digital Hydromet Services"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Central Asia",
      "coverage": "Central Asia region - Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Central Ground Water Board (CGWB)",
      "description": "India's premier organization for groundwater assessment and monitoring, providing data from 22,965+ observation wells monitored quarterly since 1969, along with annual groundwater quality reports and aquifer mapping",
      "url": "https://cgwb.gov.in/en",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Groundwater Quality",
        "Aquifer Mapping",
        "Well Monitoring"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "National - 22,965+ observation wells"
    },
    {
      "name": "Central Water Commission (CWC)",
      "description": "India's premier technical organization for water resources providing reservoir storage monitoring, river water level and discharge data, and hydrological observations across all major river basins",
      "url": "https://cwc.gov.in/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Reservoir Storage",
        "River Water Levels",
        "River Discharge",
        "Sediment Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "National - all major river basins, 150+ reservoirs"
    },
    {
      "name": "CEOS Earth Observation Handbook Database",
      "description": "Comprehensive catalogue of all civil Earth observation satellites and instruments from the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites with mission details, data access policies, and measurement capabilities",
      "url": "https://database.eohandbook.com/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Satellite Catalogue",
        "Instrument Database",
        "Mission Information",
        "Data Policy"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "All civil Earth observation satellites and instruments"
    },
    {
      "name": "Cesium",
      "description": "3D globe and map visualization library for the web",
      "url": "https://cesium.com/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "3D Visualization",
        "Globe Visualization",
        "Geospatial",
        "WebGL"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "3D geospatial visualization"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chile DGA Hydrometric Data Portal",
      "description": "Chile's national water data portal with 1,330 real-time monitoring stations measuring river discharge, water levels, precipitation, groundwater, water quality, snow coverage, and reservoir levels",
      "url": "https://dga.mop.gob.cl/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Water Quality",
        "Snow Coverage",
        "Reservoir Levels",
        "Precipitation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Latin America",
      "country": "Chile",
      "coverage": "National (1,330 stations)"
    },
    {
      "name": "China Ministry of Water Resources (MWR)",
      "description": "Official publications portal providing annual China Water Resources Bulletins since 1998, statistical reports on water activities, water use efficiency, flood control, and irrigation data",
      "url": "http://www.mwr.gov.cn/english/publs/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Resources Statistics",
        "Annual Water Bulletins",
        "Irrigation Data",
        "Flood Control"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "country": "China",
      "coverage": "National - all major river basins"
    },
    {
      "name": "China National Environmental Monitoring Centre (CNEMC)",
      "description": "National environmental monitoring agency providing monthly surface water quality bulletins from automatic monitoring stations across major rivers and lakes",
      "url": "https://www.cnemc.cn/en/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water Quality",
        "Monthly Water Quality Reports",
        "River Water Quality",
        "Lake Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "country": "China",
      "coverage": "National - major river basins and lakes"
    },
    {
      "name": "China Underground Water Level Grid",
      "description": "National groundwater monitoring network",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-04799-y",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Monitoring Wells",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "China",
      "country": "China",
      "coverage": "11,911 monitoring points, 4.3M records",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "China Water Database",
      "description": "Chinese water environment",
      "url": "https://wepa-db.net/database/china",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water",
        "Water Quality",
        "Environmental"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "China",
      "country": "China",
      "coverage": "972 monitoring stations",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "CHIRPS Climate Hazards Precipitation",
      "description": "30+ year quasi-global rainfall dataset with 0.05° resolution",
      "url": "https://www.chc.ucsb.edu/data/chirps",
      "category": "Academic",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rainfall",
        "Climate Data",
        "Satellite Data",
        "Time Series",
        "Drought Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "50°S to 50°N global land areas",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "CKAN",
      "description": "Open data portal platform for water data publishing",
      "url": "https://ckan.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Data Portal",
        "Open Data",
        "Data Catalog",
        "Web Platform"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Open data initiatives"
    },
    {
      "name": "Climate Change Scenarios SSP",
      "description": "Shared Socioeconomic Pathways for climate projections",
      "url": "https://tntcat.iiasa.ac.at/SspDb/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "SSP Scenarios",
        "Socioeconomic Pathways",
        "Emissions Scenarios",
        "Narrative Descriptions",
        "Quantitative Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global scenario database",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Climate Data Operators",
      "description": "Command line tools for climate data manipulation",
      "url": "https://code.mpimet.mpg.de/projects/cdo",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Data",
        "Data Processing",
        "NetCDF",
        "Command Line"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Climate data processing"
    },
    {
      "name": "ClimateData.ca CMIP6",
      "description": "Canadian climate data portal with CMIP6 projections",
      "url": "https://climatedata.ca/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Canadian Climate",
        "6x10km Resolution",
        "CMIP6 Downscaled",
        "Regional Analysis",
        "Climate Indicators"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "Canada high-resolution climate",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "ClimateR",
      "description": "R package for climate data access and analysis",
      "url": "https://github.com/mikejohnson51/climateR",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Data",
        "R Package",
        "Data Access",
        "Spatial Analysis"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Climate data retrieval"
    },
    {
      "name": "ClimateSERV (SERVIR)",
      "description": "NASA/USAID SERVIR platform providing satellite-derived climate data including 30+ years of CHIRPS rainfall, eMODIS vegetation, GPM IMERG precipitation, and 180-day NMME seasonal forecasts for data-sparse regions",
      "url": "https://climateserv.servirglobal.net/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Historical Rainfall",
        "Precipitation Forecasts",
        "Vegetation Indices",
        "Seasonal Climate Forecasts"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Africa, Asia, Latin America; 30+ years data"
    },
    {
      "name": "CMEMS Sea Level Altimetry Reprocessed",
      "description": "Gridded multi-mission satellite altimetry product providing sea level anomaly, absolute dynamic topography, and geostrophic velocities from DUACS delayed-time reprocessing since 1993",
      "url": "https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/product/SEALEVEL_GLO_PHY_L4_MY_008_047/description",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sea Level Anomaly",
        "Dynamic Topography",
        "Geostrophic Velocity",
        "Multi-Mission Altimetry"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global oceans, 0.25-degree daily, 1993-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "CNES PEPS (Sentinel Data Hub France)",
      "description": "French CNES mirror site for Copernicus Sentinel satellite data providing search, visualization, and download of Sentinel-1, -2, and -3 products with cloud processing capabilities",
      "url": "https://peps.cnes.fr/rocket/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sentinel-1 SAR",
        "Sentinel-2 Optical",
        "Sentinel-3 Ocean/Land",
        "Data Download"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global Sentinel data mirror"
    },
    {
      "name": "Code_Saturne",
      "description": "CFD software for industrial water applications",
      "url": "https://www.code-saturne.org/cms/web/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "CFD",
        "Industrial Applications",
        "Turbomachinery",
        "Heat Transfer"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Industrial fluid dynamics"
    },
    {
      "name": "COMET Land Subsidence Database",
      "description": "InSAR time-series subsidence data for 99 subsiding regions derived from Sentinel-1 showing groundwater-related land deformation processed with LiCSAR/LiCSBAS with 6-12 day repeat cycles",
      "url": "https://comet-subsidencedb.org/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "InSAR",
        "Land Subsidence",
        "Groundwater Depletion",
        "Displacement Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "99 subsiding regions globally, 2015-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "COMET-LiCSAR Sentinel-1 InSAR Portal",
      "description": "Automated Sentinel-1 InSAR processing system providing freely downloadable interferograms, coherence maps, and displacement time series for tectonic and volcanic areas globally, updated within 2 weeks",
      "url": "https://comet.nerc.ac.uk/comet-lics-portal/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "InSAR",
        "Ground Deformation",
        "Interferograms",
        "Coherence Maps",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global tectonic and volcanic zones, Sentinel-1"
    },
    {
      "name": "CONAE SAOCOM L-Band SAR Catalog",
      "description": "Argentina's SAOCOM-1A/1B L-band SAR constellation catalog for soil moisture estimation, flood monitoring, and hydrological applications with L-band penetrating vegetation and soil for subsurface water detection",
      "url": "https://catalog.saocom.conae.gov.ar/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "L-Band SAR Imagery",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Flood Mapping",
        "Interferometry",
        "Water Body Detection"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global (focus South America), 10-100m resolution"
    },
    {
      "name": "CONAGUA SINA - Mexico Water Information System",
      "description": "Mexico's national water information system with 53 modules covering aquifer status, dam monitoring (210 dams), water uses, and hydraulic infrastructure in CSV, shapefile, KML, and GeoJSON formats",
      "url": "https://sina.conagua.gob.mx/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Aquifer Data",
        "Dam Monitoring",
        "Water Use Statistics",
        "Precipitation",
        "Water Infrastructure"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Latin America",
      "country": "Mexico",
      "coverage": "National (53 modules)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Congo Basin Observatory",
      "description": "Central African forest and water monitoring network",
      "url": "https://www.observatoire-comifac.net/",
      "category": "Regional",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Forest Hydrology",
        "River Basin",
        "Climate Data",
        "Biodiversity"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "coverage": "Congo Basin countries",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Data Space Browser",
      "description": "Free interactive browser for searching, visualizing, and downloading Sentinel-1, -2, -3, -5P, and -6 satellite data with on-the-fly processing and cloud-based analysis capabilities",
      "url": "https://browser.dataspace.copernicus.eu/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sentinel-1 SAR",
        "Sentinel-2 Optical",
        "Sentinel-3 Ocean/Land",
        "Sentinel-5P Atmosphere",
        "Data Download"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, full Sentinel mission archive"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Global Flood Monitoring (GFM)",
      "description": "Fully automatic near-real-time flood mapping from Sentinel-1 SAR data at 10m resolution covering 2015 to present. Integrated Sentinel-1C in October 2025 for improved revisit times",
      "url": "https://global-flood.emergency.copernicus.eu/general-information/data-and-services/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Mapping",
        "SAR Imagery",
        "Surface Water Extent",
        "Near-Real-Time"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, 10m resolution, Sentinel-1 constellation"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Global Water Bodies 100m",
      "description": "Monthly surface water extent mapping at 100m resolution using Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical imagery. Detects maximum and minimum water extent with seasonal dynamics globally",
      "url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/water-bodies/water-bodies-global-v1-0-100m",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water Extent",
        "Water Body Mapping",
        "Seasonal Water Dynamics",
        "Inland Water"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, 100m resolution, monthly updates"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus GlobColour Ocean Biogeochemistry",
      "description": "Global ocean color products merging MODIS, VIIRS, OLCI, and PACE sensors for chlorophyll-a, suspended matter, and diffuse attenuation. Monthly L4 composites from 1997 to present with gap-filled daily products",
      "url": "https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/product/OCEANCOLOUR_GLO_BGC_L4_MY_009_104/description",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Chlorophyll-a",
        "Suspended Matter",
        "Ocean Color",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global oceans, 1997-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus HR Coastal Ocean Color",
      "description": "Sentinel-2 derived 100m resolution coastal water quality within 20km of shoreline providing chlorophyll-a, turbidity, and suspended matter for European seas including Mediterranean, Baltic, and Black Sea",
      "url": "https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/product/OCEANCOLOUR_MED_BGC_HR_L4_NRT_009_211/description",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Chlorophyll-a",
        "Turbidity",
        "Suspended Matter",
        "Coastal Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "European coastal waters (20km zone, 100m resolution)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Lake Water Quality 300m (Sentinel-3 OLCI)",
      "description": "Sentinel-3 OLCI derived lake water quality at 300m resolution with chlorophyll-a, turbidity, TSM, trophic state index, and cyanobacteria risk. 10-daily composites covering 2016 to present",
      "url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/water-bodies/lake-water-quality-near-real-time-v2-0-300m",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Chlorophyll-a",
        "Turbidity",
        "Cyanobacteria Risk",
        "Lake Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Medium to large lakes worldwide (300m resolution)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Lake Water Quality NRT v2 (100m)",
      "description": "100m resolution lake water quality with chlorophyll, turbidity, TSM, trophic state index, and cyanobacteria risk. V2 released 2025 with 10-daily updates.",
      "url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/water-bodies/lake-water-quality-v2-0-100m",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Chlorophyll-a",
        "Turbidity",
        "Cyanobacteria Risk",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Large lakes >50 ha",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Land Monitoring Service",
      "description": "European land cover and imperviousness mapping",
      "url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Land Cover",
        "Imperviousness",
        "Urban Atlas",
        "High Resolution Layers"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "European coverage",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Land Snow Products",
      "description": "Satellite-derived pan-European and global snow monitoring products including snow cover extent, snow water equivalent, and wet/dry snow classification from Sentinel-1/3 and MODIS",
      "url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/snow",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Snow Cover Extent",
        "Snow Water Equivalent",
        "Wet/Dry Snow",
        "Snow Melting",
        "Daily Maps"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Pan-European 500m and global 1km, daily"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Land Vegetation Products",
      "description": "Near-real-time global vegetation monitoring products from Copernicus including NDVI, LAI, FAPAR, and dry matter productivity from PROBA-V and Sentinel-3 at 300m-1km resolution",
      "url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/vegetation",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "NDVI",
        "Leaf Area Index",
        "FAPAR",
        "Dry Matter Productivity",
        "Vegetation Condition"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, 300m-1km, 10-day composites"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Marine Data Store",
      "description": "Central access point for Copernicus Marine Service satellite and model ocean data including sea surface temperature, ocean color, currents, salinity, and biogeochemistry from 1993 to present",
      "url": "https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Ocean Color",
        "Sea Surface Temperature",
        "Ocean Currents",
        "Salinity",
        "Biogeochemistry"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global oceans, multi-product archive, 1993-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Marine Service",
      "description": "European marine data and ocean monitoring",
      "url": "https://marine.copernicus.eu/",
      "category": "Regional",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Ocean Monitoring",
        "Marine Data",
        "Coastal Water",
        "Sea Level",
        "Ocean Temperature"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "25+ years ocean monitoring",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus SWOT-KaRIn Sea Surface Height",
      "description": "Two-dimensional sea-level observations from the SWOT mission improving coastal dynamics characterization with unprecedented spatial resolution. Released November 2025.",
      "url": "https://data.marine.copernicus.eu/products",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sea Surface Height",
        "Coastal Dynamics"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global oceans and coasts",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Water Bodies Raster",
      "description": "European water monitoring service",
      "url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/water-bodies/water-bodies-global-v1-0-300m",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Raster 300m",
        "10-daily Data",
        "Water Extent"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 300m resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Water Resources",
      "description": "European geosciences research platform",
      "url": "https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "European Research",
        "Earth System Science",
        "Open Access"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "European water research",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "CORDEX Regional Climate",
      "description": "Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment",
      "url": "https://cordex.org/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Regional Climate",
        "Dynamical Downscaling",
        "RCM Models",
        "High Resolution",
        "Regional Domains"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "14 regional domains worldwide",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "COSMO-SkyMed SAR Data (ASI/ESA)",
      "description": "Italian Space Agency X-band SAR constellation providing all-weather day-night imagery for flood mapping, water body monitoring, and soil moisture estimation via ESA Third Party Missions programme",
      "url": "https://www.asi.it/en/earth-science/cosmo-skymed/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "SAR Imagery",
        "Flood Mapping",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Water Body Detection",
        "Interferometry"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Research",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, 1-100m resolution, all-weather"
    },
    {
      "name": "CPCB ENVIS Water Quality Data",
      "description": "Environmental Information System Centre providing downloadable yearly water quality datasets from the National Water Quality Monitoring Programme covering surface and groundwater quality",
      "url": "https://cpcbenvis.nic.in/water_quality_data.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality Index",
        "Pollution Data",
        "Surface Water Quality",
        "Annual Reports"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "National - yearly water quality data from 2007-2022"
    },
    {
      "name": "CPCB National Water Quality Monitoring Programme",
      "description": "India's National Water Quality Monitoring Programme data, monitoring 719 rivers at 2,108 locations across 28 states for rivers, lakes, ponds, canals, and groundwater wells",
      "url": "https://cpcb.nic.in/nwmp-data/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "River Pollution",
        "Lake Water Quality",
        "Groundwater Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "National - 2,108 monitoring stations, 719 rivers"
    },
    {
      "name": "CropWat",
      "description": "FAO irrigation planning and management software for crop water requirements",
      "url": "http://www.fao.org/land-water/databases-and-software/cropwat/en/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Irrigation Planning",
        "Crop Water Needs",
        "ET Calculation",
        "Climate Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Agricultural regions worldwide"
    },
    {
      "name": "CUAHSI WOF",
      "description": "Water One Flow web services for hydrologic data",
      "url": "https://his.cuahsi.org/wofws.html",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Web Services",
        "Hydrologic Data",
        "Data Access",
        "Interoperability"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Hydrologic web services"
    },
    {
      "name": "CWC Flood Forecast System",
      "description": "Central Water Commission's real-time flood forecasting platform providing water level observations and flood forecasts for 325 stations across 20 major river basins with 5-day advisory forecasts",
      "url": "https://ffs.india-water.gov.in/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Forecasts",
        "Real-time Water Levels",
        "River Discharge",
        "Flood Warnings"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "National - 325 stations, 20 major river basins"
    },
    {
      "name": "CWC Reservoir Storage Dashboard",
      "description": "Central Water Commission's reservoir storage monitoring system providing daily updated storage levels for 150+ major reservoirs with inflow/outflow data and historical comparisons",
      "url": "https://cwc.gov.in/wm_dashboard",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Reservoir Storage",
        "Live Storage Levels",
        "Inflow Data",
        "Outflow Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "National - 150+ major reservoirs, daily updates"
    },
    {
      "name": "Czech Hydrometeorological Institute",
      "description": "Central European water research",
      "url": "https://www.chmi.cz/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Continental Climate Hydrology",
        "River Networks",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Czech Republic",
      "country": "Czech Republic",
      "coverage": "National monitoring network",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "D3.js",
      "description": "JavaScript library for data-driven documents and visualization",
      "url": "https://d3js.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Data Visualization",
        "JavaScript",
        "SVG",
        "Interactive Graphics"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Custom data visualizations"
    },
    {
      "name": "Danube River Network",
      "description": "International Commission for Protection of Danube River data",
      "url": "https://www.icpdr.org/",
      "category": "Regional",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Quality",
        "Flood Management",
        "Navigation",
        "Ecology"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "14 Danube countries",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dartmouth Flood Observatory",
      "description": "Global active flood monitoring and historical flood database",
      "url": "https://floodobservatory.colorado.edu/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Events",
        "Real-time Monitoring",
        "Historical Floods",
        "Satellite Mapping"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global flood events since 1985",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "dataRetrieval",
      "description": "R package for water data retrieval from USGS and EPA",
      "url": "https://cran.r-project.org/package=dataRetrieval",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Data Retrieval",
        "R Package",
        "USGS Data",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "coverage": "US water data sources"
    },
    {
      "name": "DataStream",
      "description": "Water quality data sharing platform for watershed monitoring",
      "url": "https://datastream.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Data Sharing",
        "Community Monitoring",
        "Open Data",
        "Collaboration"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Community water monitoring"
    },
    {
      "name": "DAYMET Climate Data",
      "description": "Daily gridded weather data for North America",
      "url": "https://daymet.ornl.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Daily Weather",
        "1km Resolution",
        "Temperature",
        "Precipitation",
        "Solar Radiation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "coverage": "1km daily weather 1980-present",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "DEA Coastlines (Australia)",
      "description": "Digital Earth Australia product combining Landsat and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery with tidal modelling to map annual shoreline positions and rates of coastal change around Australia since 1988",
      "url": "https://www.dea.ga.gov.au/products/dea-coastlines",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Annual Shoreline Position",
        "Coastal Erosion Rates",
        "Accretion Mapping",
        "Tidal Modelling"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "Entire Australian coastline, 1988-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "DEA Intertidal (Australia)",
      "description": "Digital Earth Australia product suite mapping Australia's intertidal zones using Landsat and Sentinel-2 with tidal modelling for elevation, extent, and exposure datasets for coastal management",
      "url": "https://knowledge.dea.ga.gov.au/data/product/dea-intertidal/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Intertidal Elevation",
        "Tidal Extent",
        "Coastal Exposure",
        "Habitat Mapping"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "Australian coastline intertidal zones"
    },
    {
      "name": "DEA Water Observations (Australia)",
      "description": "Digital Earth Australia surface water observations classifying every Landsat pixel as wet, dry, or invalid for all of Australia from 1986 to present, formerly known as Water Observations from Space (WOfS)",
      "url": "https://www.dea.ga.gov.au/products/dea-water-observations",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water Classification",
        "Wet/Dry Pixel Maps",
        "Water Frequency Statistics",
        "Historical Water Extent"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "All of mainland Australia and Tasmania, 1986-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "DEA Waterbodies (Australia)",
      "description": "Digital Earth Australia product mapping and monitoring 300,000+ open waterbodies across Australia using 30+ years of Landsat imagery with polygon outlines and surface area time series",
      "url": "https://www.dea.ga.gov.au/products/dea-waterbodies",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Body Polygons",
        "Surface Area Time Series",
        "Lake and Reservoir Monitoring",
        "Water Body Change Detection"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "300,000+ Australian waterbodies, 1986-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "deal.II",
      "description": "Finite element library for computational mechanics and PDEs",
      "url": "https://www.dealii.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Finite Element",
        "C++ Library",
        "Adaptive Refinement",
        "Parallel Computing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Scientific and engineering applications"
    },
    {
      "name": "Delft3D",
      "description": "3D modeling suite for coastal, river and estuarine areas",
      "url": "https://www.deltares.nl/en/software-and-data/products/delft3d-4-suite",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "3D Modeling",
        "Coastal Engineering",
        "Water Quality",
        "Sediment Transport"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Coastal and marine environments"
    },
    {
      "name": "Delft3D Water Modeling",
      "description": "Netherlands open source water modeling software",
      "url": "https://oss.deltares.nl/web/delft3d",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrodynamic Models",
        "3D Water Flow",
        "Coastal Modeling",
        "Open Source",
        "Netherlands Expertise"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Open source water modeling",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "DENR-EMB Environmental Data Center",
      "description": "Real-time environmental monitoring system with 5-minute data updates from 412 water quality monitoring stations across Metro Manila and regional EMB offices",
      "url": "https://denr.gov.ph/denr-data-portal/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Real-time Water Quality Monitoring",
        "Oil Spill Emergency Response Data",
        "Water Body Compliance Monitoring",
        "Sanitary Landfill Monitoring",
        "Ambient Water Quality Assessments"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Philippines",
      "coverage": "National Philippines with focus on Metro Manila water bodies, creeks, and Manila Bay",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "DHMZ Croatia Hydrology",
      "description": "Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service - water level monitoring and data archives",
      "url": "https://meteo.hr/podaci_e.php?section=podaci_hidro&param=vodostaj",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Levels",
        "Hydrological Archives",
        "Meteorological Data",
        "Monitoring Network"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Croatia",
      "coverage": "Croatia hydrological network",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Digital Agency Japan Water Dashboard",
      "description": "Water supply performance dashboard visualizing financial and seismic resilience of 1300+ utilities",
      "url": "https://www.digital.go.jp/en/resources/govdashboard/watersupply",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Supply Performance",
        "Seismic Resilience",
        "Utility Financial Data",
        "Infrastructure Status"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Japan",
      "coverage": "1300+ Japanese water utilities",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Digital Earth Africa",
      "description": "Free and open satellite imagery platform for the entire African continent built on Open Data Cube providing analysis-ready Landsat, Sentinel, and derived products including water observations and lake water quality",
      "url": "https://www.digitalearthafrica.org/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Satellite Imagery",
        "Water Observations",
        "Land Cover",
        "Water Quality",
        "Coastline Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "coverage": "Entire African continent, 6+ petabytes"
    },
    {
      "name": "DLR EOC Earth Observation Data Catalog",
      "description": "Central data catalog from DLR Earth Observation Center providing discovery, visualization, and download of satellite geospatial products including land cover, water, vegetation, and climate datasets from the German Satellite Data Archive",
      "url": "https://geoservice.dlr.de/data-assets/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Satellite Imagery",
        "Land Cover",
        "Water Bodies",
        "Vegetation",
        "Climate Products"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global multi-mission satellite archive"
    },
    {
      "name": "DLR Global WaterPack (GWP)",
      "description": "Daily global surface water extent dataset from DLR Earth Observation Center derived from MODIS at 250m resolution since 2003 with yearly, monthly, and daily water body maps via WMS and STAC",
      "url": "https://geoservice.dlr.de/web/datasets/gwp_modis_p1d",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water Extent",
        "Water Body Mapping",
        "Daily Water Coverage",
        "Inland Water Monitoring",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global at 250m resolution, daily since 2003"
    },
    {
      "name": "DLR SWIM Water Extent",
      "description": "High-resolution global surface water product from DLR at 10m pixel spacing derived from Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical imagery using deep neural networks for automated water body detection",
      "url": "https://geoservice.dlr.de/web/maps/eoc:swim",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water Extent",
        "Flood Mapping",
        "SAR Water Detection",
        "High-Resolution Water Bodies"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global at 10m resolution (Sentinel-1/2)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Drought.gov Climate Engine",
      "description": "Cloud-based climate and drought monitoring",
      "url": "https://www.drought.gov/data-download",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drought Monitoring",
        "Climate Data",
        "Precipitation Index",
        "Temperature Data",
        "SPEI Index"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Daily drought indices",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Drought.gov Portal",
      "description": "Comprehensive drought data, forecasts, and planning tools",
      "url": "https://www.drought.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drought Data",
        "Forecasting",
        "Planning Tools",
        "Multi-agency Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "United States",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "DSSAT",
      "description": "Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer",
      "url": "https://dssat.net/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Crop Modeling",
        "Agricultural Systems",
        "Climate Impact",
        "Decision Support"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Agricultural research and management"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dutch Water Authorities",
      "description": "Netherlands regional water management data",
      "url": "https://unievanwaterschappen.nl/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Protection",
        "Water Quality",
        "Water Quantity",
        "Polder Management",
        "Dutch Water System"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "coverage": "21 regional water authorities",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "DVstats",
      "description": "R package for statistics on daily values of water data",
      "url": "https://rdrr.io/github/USGS-R/DVstats/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Daily Values",
        "R Package",
        "Statistical Analysis",
        "USGS Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "coverage": "Daily water data statistics"
    },
    {
      "name": "DWD WaWIS Water Management Information System",
      "description": "German Weather Service water management system providing radar-based precipitation estimates, forecasts, and snowmelt data for flood forecasting authorities",
      "url": "https://www.dwd.de/EN/specialusers/water_management/water_management_node.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Radar Precipitation",
        "Precipitation Forecasts",
        "Snowmelt Forecasts",
        "Real-time Hydrological"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Germany",
      "coverage": "Germany nationwide",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dynamic World Real-time Land Cover",
      "description": "Near real-time 10m global land use/land cover from Google",
      "url": "https://dynamicworld.app/",
      "category": "Company",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Real-time Land Cover",
        "10m Resolution",
        "Machine Learning",
        "Change Detection"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 10m resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "EarthCARE Cloud and Precipitation Products",
      "description": "ESA-JAXA mission providing vertical profiles of clouds, precipitation water content, and atmospheric radiation using cloud profiling radar, lidar, and multispectral imager. Level-2 products released 2025",
      "url": "https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/missions/earthcare/data",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Cloud Profiles",
        "Precipitation",
        "Water Content",
        "Radiation Budget",
        "Aerosol Profiles"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global atmospheric profiles"
    },
    {
      "name": "EauFrance Water Portal",
      "description": "Main water information service portal facilitating access to public water information in France",
      "url": "https://www.eaufrance.fr/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Public Water Information",
        "Aquatic Environments",
        "Water Management Information"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "France",
      "coverage": "France nationwide water and aquatic environments",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eclipse Kura",
      "description": "IoT gateway framework for water monitoring systems",
      "url": "https://www.eclipse.org/kura/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "IoT Gateway",
        "Edge Computing",
        "Device Management",
        "Protocol Translation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "IoT edge deployments"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eclipse Mosquitto",
      "description": "Open source MQTT message broker for IoT messaging",
      "url": "https://mosquitto.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "MQTT Broker",
        "IoT Messaging",
        "Publish-Subscribe",
        "Lightweight Protocol"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "IoT communication systems"
    },
    {
      "name": "Eclipse Paho",
      "description": "MQTT client libraries for water IoT applications",
      "url": "https://www.eclipse.org/paho/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "MQTT Client",
        "IoT Connectivity",
        "Messaging",
        "Protocol Implementation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "IoT messaging applications"
    },
    {
      "name": "ECOSTRESS ISS Evapotranspiration",
      "description": "Space-based thermal radiometer on the ISS measuring plant temperature and evapotranspiration at 70m resolution. Collection 2 includes PT-JPL and disALEXI ET models. Extended through 2026",
      "url": "https://ecostress.jpl.nasa.gov/data",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Land Surface Temperature",
        "Water Stress"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global (52°N to 52°S latitude, 70m resolution)"
    },
    {
      "name": "EEA Water Quality Assessment Portal",
      "description": "Water Framework Directive monitoring data with ecological status indicators",
      "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/water",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality Indicators",
        "Ecological Status",
        "Nutrient Pollution"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "European waters (rivers, lakes, groundwater, coastal)",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "EFDC",
      "description": "Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code for surface water modeling",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/ceam/environmental-fluid-dynamics-code-efdc",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "3D Modeling",
        "Environmental Flow",
        "Water Quality",
        "Sediment Transport"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Surface water bodies"
    },
    {
      "name": "EGRET",
      "description": "R package for exploration and graphics for river trends",
      "url": "https://cran.r-project.org/package=EGRET",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Trend Analysis",
        "R Package",
        "Water Quality Trends",
        "Statistical Graphics"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Long-term water quality analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "Egypt NWRC",
      "description": "National water research center",
      "url": "https://nwrc.gov.eg/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Nile Data",
        "Water Quality",
        "Research"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Egypt",
      "country": "Egypt",
      "coverage": "223 monitoring wells",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Elasticsearch",
      "description": "Search and analytics engine for data exploration",
      "url": "https://www.elastic.co/elasticsearch/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Search Engine",
        "Text Analytics",
        "Log Analysis",
        "Data Exploration"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Search and analytics applications"
    },
    {
      "name": "EM-DAT",
      "description": "International disasters database including water-related events",
      "url": "https://www.emdat.be/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Natural Disasters",
        "Floods",
        "Droughts",
        "Economic Impact"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global disasters since 1900",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "EMODnet Marine Data Network",
      "description": "European Marine Observation and Data Network",
      "url": "https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/",
      "category": "Regional",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Marine Bathymetry",
        "Seabed Habitats",
        "Marine Physics",
        "Marine Chemistry",
        "Marine Biology"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "European marine data",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "EnMAP Hyperspectral Satellite",
      "description": "German hyperspectral imaging spectroscopy mission with 30m resolution and 230+ spectral bands (420-2450nm). Free open-access data for water quality and inland water monitoring. Operational through 2027+",
      "url": "https://www.enmap.org/data_access/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hyperspectral Imagery",
        "Water Quality",
        "Inland Water Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global (30m resolution, 30km swath)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Environment Agency Water Data",
      "description": "Real-time water level and quality data",
      "url": "https://environment.data.gov.uk/water-quality/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Levels",
        "Water Quality",
        "Flood Warnings",
        "Rainfall"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "UK",
      "country": "UK",
      "coverage": "England monitoring network",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Environment Climate Change Canada Freshwater Quality",
      "description": "National freshwater quality monitoring with 350+ sites across Canada's watersheds",
      "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/freshwater-quality-monitoring/online-data.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality Index",
        "Chemical Parameters",
        "Watershed Assessments",
        "Long-term Trends"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "National (all major watersheds - Pacific, Arctic, Hudson Bay, Atlantic)",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Environmental Science & Technology Data",
      "description": "Environmental monitoring datasets",
      "url": "https://pubs.acs.org/journal/esthag",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Environmental Monitoring",
        "Water Treatment",
        "Sensor Networks"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "API Key Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "ACS Publications database",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "EOS LandViewer",
      "description": "Free satellite imagery platform for searching and analyzing Landsat, Sentinel-2, MODIS, CBERS, and other satellite data with on-the-fly vegetation, water, and moisture index calculations",
      "url": "https://eos.com/landviewer/",
      "category": "Company",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Satellite Imagery Viewer",
        "Vegetation Indices",
        "Water Indices",
        "Moisture Analysis",
        "Time-Lapse"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global multi-mission satellite imagery"
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA Community Water System Service Areas v2",
      "description": "Geospatial boundaries for community water systems covering 80% of all public water users. Version 2 released September 2025.",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/community-water-system-service-area-boundaries",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Geospatial",
        "Water Systems"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "National",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA CyAN Cyanobacteria Assessment Network",
      "description": "Multi-agency satellite monitoring of cyanobacterial blooms in 2,300+ U.S. lakes using Sentinel-3 OLCI with daily and 7-day composites from 2016 to present. Includes web app and API",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/water-research/cyanobacteria-assessment-network-cyan",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Cyanobacteria",
        "Harmful Algal Blooms",
        "Water Quality",
        "Lake Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "2,300+ U.S. lakes and reservoirs"
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA Envirofacts Data API",
      "description": "Environmental data service API",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/enviro/envirofacts-data-service-api",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "API Access",
        "JSON",
        "CSV",
        "Excel",
        "RESTful endpoints"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Multiple EPA databases",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA Ireland Water Data",
      "description": "Irish Environmental Protection Agency - 300+ stations monitoring rivers, lakes, groundwater",
      "url": "https://www.epa.ie/our-services/monitoring--assessment/freshwater--marine/rivers/monthly-hydrology-bulletin/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flows",
        "Rainfall",
        "Lake Levels",
        "Turloughs",
        "Groundwater",
        "Spring Outflows",
        "Monthly Bulletins"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Ireland",
      "coverage": "Ireland nationwide - 300+ monitoring stations",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System",
      "description": "Public water system compliance data",
      "url": "https://sdwis.epa.gov/ords/sfdw_pub/f?p=108:1",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drinking Water Quality",
        "Compliance",
        "Violations",
        "Public Health"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "USA",
      "country": "USA",
      "coverage": "150,000 public water systems",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA TMDL Database",
      "description": "Total Maximum Daily Load resources and tools",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/tmdl/resources-tools-and-databases-about-impaired-waters-and-tmdls",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "TMDL Data",
        "Impaired Waters",
        "Pollution Loads",
        "Water Quality Standards",
        "Regulatory Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "National TMDL information",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA UCMR 5 PFAS Drinking Water Data",
      "description": "1.7 million sample results for 29 PFAS and lithium from 9,950 public water systems. Ninth data release published August 2025.",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/national-contaminant-occurrence-database-ncod",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "PFAS Contamination",
        "Drinking Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "National",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA WASP Water Quality Model",
      "description": "Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/hydrowq/water-quality-analysis-simulation-program-wasp",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality Modeling",
        "TMDL Development",
        "Pollution Analysis",
        "1D/2D/3D Models",
        "Multiple Pollutants"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Worldwide water quality modeling",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA Water Quality Exchange (WQX)",
      "description": "Universal water quality data format",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/waterdata/water-quality-data",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Standardized Data",
        "Multi-Agency",
        "Quality Assured"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "1500+ agencies contributing",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA Water Quality Indicators",
      "description": "Water pollution hotspot visualization system",
      "url": "https://echo.epa.gov/maps/water-quality-indicators",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Pollution Hotspots",
        "Water Quality Indicators",
        "Visualization",
        "Large Datasets",
        "Monitoring Stations"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "National water quality indicators",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA WATERS Geospatial Downloads",
      "description": "US water geospatial datasets",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/waterdata/waters-geospatial-data-downloads",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Shapefiles",
        "Catchment Data",
        "Stream Networks"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "National water geospatial data",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA WATERS System",
      "description": "Watershed assessment and environmental tracking",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/waterdata/waters-watershed-assessment-tracking-environmental-results-system",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Watershed Data",
        "Environmental Assessment",
        "Water Quality Standards",
        "Pollution Tracking",
        "Ecosystem Health"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "NHDPlus integrated system",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "EPANET",
      "description": "Water distribution system hydraulic and water quality modeling software by EPA",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/water-research/epanet",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydraulic Modeling",
        "Water Quality",
        "Distribution Networks",
        "Simulation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Water distribution systems worldwide",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "ERA5-Land",
      "description": "ECMWF high-resolution land surface reanalysis data",
      "url": "https://www.ecmwf.int/en/era5-land",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Reanalysis",
        "Land Surface",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Precipitation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global hourly data from 1950",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "ERA5-Land Reanalysis",
      "description": "ECMWF land surface reanalysis with hourly climate variables",
      "url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-land",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Reanalysis",
        "Land Surface",
        "Hourly Data",
        "Temperature",
        "Precipitation"
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      "category": "Space Agency",
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        "Lake Temperature",
        "Lake Ice Cover",
        "Water Extent",
        "Climate Monitoring"
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      "name": "ESA CCI Open Data Portal",
      "description": "Data portal for 20+ Essential Climate Variables from ESA Climate Change Initiative including soil moisture, water vapour, sea level, glaciers, lakes, and ocean color with multi-decadal satellite records",
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      "category": "Space Agency",
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        "Climate Data Records",
        "Water Vapour",
        "Sea Level",
        "Glacier Data",
        "Lake Data"
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      "name": "ESA CCI Soil Moisture v09.2",
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        "Root-Zone Soil Moisture",
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        "Multi-Sensor Merged"
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      "coverage": "Global, 0.25°, daily, 1978-2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "ESA Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture",
      "description": "Annually updated global climate data record of soil moisture spanning 40+ years from satellite observations. Feeds into Copernicus Climate Data Store.",
      "url": "https://climate.esa.int/en/projects/soil-moisture/",
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        "Soil Moisture"
      ],
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    },
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      "name": "ESA Global Surface Water Dataset",
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      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Raster Data",
        "Water Occurrence",
        "Change Detection"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
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      "popular": true
    },
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      "name": "ESA WorldCover Land Cover",
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        "Land Cover",
        "Sentinel-2",
        "10m Resolution",
        "Global Mapping",
        "Urban Analysis"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
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    },
    {
      "name": "ESGF CMIP6 Data Portal",
      "description": "Earth System Grid Federation CMIP6 climate models",
      "url": "https://wcrp-cmip.org/cmip-data-access/",
      "category": "International",
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        "Climate Models",
        "CMIP6",
        "Global Projections",
        "Temperature",
        "Precipitation",
        "SSP Scenarios"
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      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "CMIP6 global climate model ensemble",
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        "Energy Statistics",
        "Water Access",
        "Infrastructure",
        "Dashboards"
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      "region": "Africa",
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      "coverage": "National statistics with visualizations",
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        "Water Resources",
        "Energy",
        "Hydroelectric",
        "Basin Management"
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      "accessLevel": "Limited",
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      "country": "Ethiopia",
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      "popular": true
    },
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      "name": "European Drought Observatory",
      "description": "Real-time drought monitoring and forecasting for Europe",
      "url": "https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/",
      "category": "Regional",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drought Indices",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Precipitation Deficit",
        "Forecasts"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "European continent",
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      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "European Environment Agency Waterbase",
      "description": "Comprehensive water quality database with pH, nutrients, hazardous substances across European waters",
      "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/waterbase-water-quality-icm-2/",
      "category": "Government",
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        "pH",
        "Nutrients",
        "Organic Matter",
        "Hazardous Substances",
        "Water Chemistry"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "All EU member states",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "European Flood Awareness System (EFAS)",
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      "url": "https://www.copernicus.eu/en/european-flood-awareness-system",
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        "Flood Data",
        "Flood Forecasting",
        "Early Warning",
        "Probabilistic Forecasts",
        "Real-time Data",
        "Seasonal Outlooks"
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      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "66 countries, 4M km² drainage area",
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      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "European Ground Motion Service (EGMS)",
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        "InSAR",
        "Ground Motion",
        "Land Subsidence",
        "Landslide Monitoring",
        "Sentinel-1 SAR"
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    },
    {
      "name": "European Water Association",
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      "dataTypes": [
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        "European Standards",
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      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "River Basins",
        "Flood Data"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
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    },
    {
      "name": "EUROSTAT Water Statistics",
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      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Statistics",
        "Water Accounts",
        "Water Use",
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        "Environmental Statistics"
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    },
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        "Agricultural Water",
        "Irrigation",
        "Country Statistics"
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      "region": "Global",
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      "popular": true
    },
    {
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
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    },
    {
      "name": "FAO WaPOR v3 Water Productivity",
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        "Water Productivity"
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      "popular": true
    },
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      "name": "Farm Service Agency CLU",
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      "url": "https://www.fsa.usda.gov/resources/aerial-photography",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Agricultural Fields",
        "Training Data",
        "Farm Boundaries",
        "Crop Identification",
        "Field Level Data"
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      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Farm-level agricultural data",
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    },
    {
      "name": "FEMA Effective Model Database",
      "description": "Repository of effective hydraulic models used in flood studies",
      "url": "https://www.fema.gov/flood-maps/products-tools/numerical-models",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "HEC-RAS Models",
        "Effective Studies",
        "Model Files",
        "Cross Sections",
        "Hydraulic Parameters"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "NFIP hydraulic models",
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      "name": "FEMA National Flood Hazard Layer",
      "description": "Effective flood hazard data and HEC-RAS models for NFIP",
      "url": "https://www.fema.gov/flood-maps/national-flood-hazard-layer",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Insurance Studies",
        "Effective Models",
        "Cross Sections",
        "Flow Data",
        "FIRM Database"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "National flood hazard mapping",
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      "popular": true
    },
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      "name": "FEniCS",
      "description": "Finite element computing platform for solving partial differential equations",
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      "dataTypes": [
        "Finite Element",
        "PDE Solver",
        "Scientific Computing",
        "Numerical Methods"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
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      "coverage": "Scientific modeling applications"
    },
    {
      "name": "Fiji Hydrological Services",
      "description": "Essential water level measurements and flood alerts for rivers, real-time data for disaster preparedness and water resource management",
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        "Flood Risks Monitoring",
        "Real-time Hydrological Data"
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      "coverage": "Fiji river systems",
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      "name": "Fiji Meteorological Services",
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        "Climate Data",
        "River Levels",
        "Flood Alerts",
        "Hydrological Patterns"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Fiji",
      "coverage": "Fiji and regional Pacific Island nations",
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    },
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      "name": "Finland Water Research Center",
      "description": "Nordic lake and forest hydrology",
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      "dataTypes": [
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        "Water Technology"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Finland",
      "country": "Finland",
      "coverage": "188000 lakes monitored",
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    },
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      "description": "Python package for creating and running MODFLOW models",
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      "dataTypes": [
        "MODFLOW",
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
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    },
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      "name": "Folium",
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        "Web Mapping",
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      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Web-based mapping"
    },
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      "name": "FreeFEM",
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        "Finite Element",
        "PDE Solver",
        "Mesh Generation",
        "Scientific Computing"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
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      "name": "GDAL/OGR",
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      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Data Conversion",
        "Geospatial Formats",
        "Raster Processing",
        "Vector Processing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Geospatial data formats"
    },
    {
      "name": "GEBCO Global Ocean Bathymetry",
      "description": "General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans providing the most authoritative publicly available gridded bathymetry of the world's oceans derived from satellite altimetry and ship soundings at 15 arc-second resolution",
      "url": "https://www.gebco.net/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Ocean Bathymetry",
        "Satellite Altimetry",
        "Seafloor Topography",
        "Coastal Bathymetry"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global oceans, 15 arc-second (~450m) resolution"
    },
    {
      "name": "GEMStat Global Water Quality",
      "description": "Freshwater quality monitoring",
      "url": "https://gemstat.org/",
      "category": "UN Organization",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Chemical Parameters",
        "Biological Indicators"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global coverage",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "GEO AquaWatch",
      "description": "Group on Earth Observations initiative building global capacity for satellite-derived water quality monitoring of inland, coastal, and marine waters with open-access tools for chlorophyll, turbidity, and harmful algal blooms",
      "url": "https://www.geoaquawatch.org/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Satellite Remote Sensing",
        "Chlorophyll",
        "Turbidity",
        "Algal Bloom Detection"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global inland and coastal waters"
    },
    {
      "name": "GeoDa",
      "description": "Spatial data analysis software for exploratory data analysis",
      "url": "https://geodacenter.github.io/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Spatial Statistics",
        "Exploratory Analysis",
        "Autocorrelation",
        "Clustering"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Spatial data exploration"
    },
    {
      "name": "Geofabrik OSM Extracts",
      "description": "Regional OpenStreetMap data extracts",
      "url": "https://download.geofabrik.de/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "OSM Data",
        "Regional Extracts",
        "Water Features"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
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    },
    {
      "name": "GeoNode",
      "description": "Geospatial content management system for water data",
      "url": "https://geonode.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Content Management",
        "Geospatial Data",
        "Web Platform",
        "Data Sharing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Geospatial data management"
    },
    {
      "name": "Geopandas",
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      "category": "Software",
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        "Python Library",
        "Vector Data",
        "Spatial Operations"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
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    },
    {
      "name": "GeoServer",
      "description": "Open source server for sharing geospatial data via web services",
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      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Web Services",
        "Geospatial Data",
        "WMS",
        "WFS"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Geospatial web services"
    },
    {
      "name": "German Federal Environment Agency",
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      "url": "https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Framework Directive",
        "German WFD",
        "Water Quality",
        "River Basin Management",
        "Environmental Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Germany",
      "coverage": "German federal water data",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
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      "name": "GEUS Denmark Water Resources",
      "description": "Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland - water resources mapping and monitoring",
      "url": "https://eng.geus.dk/water-resources",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Maps",
        "Jupiter Database",
        "Hydrological Modeling",
        "280000+ Wells",
        "Drinking Water"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Denmark",
      "coverage": "Denmark nationwide (43000 km²)",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ghana Water Resources Commission",
      "description": "Ghana's official water resources regulatory body managing 32 river monitoring sites and 9 reservoir/lake sites with biannual water quality monitoring across Volta, South-Western, and Coastal systems",
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      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
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        "River Monitoring",
        "Reservoir Data",
        "Water Policy",
        "Basin Management"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Ghana",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "GHRSST Multi-Sensor Sea Surface Temperature",
      "description": "International multi-sensor high-resolution sea surface temperature products combining satellite radiometers (AMSR-2, MODIS, AVHRR, VIIRS) with in-situ observations, including MUR L4 global SST at 1km resolution",
      "url": "https://www.ghrsst.org/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sea Surface Temperature",
        "Multi-Sensor Merged SST",
        "Near-Real-Time SST",
        "Climate SST Records"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global oceans, 1km, 2002-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "GISTDA National Space Data Center (Thailand)",
      "description": "Thailand's national satellite data portal providing THEOS-1 and THEOS-2 satellite imagery plus international satellite data for disaster monitoring, flood mapping, and environmental management across Southeast Asia",
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      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
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        "Flood Monitoring",
        "Environmental Data",
        "Land Use"
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      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "country": "Thailand",
      "coverage": "Thailand and Southeast Asia"
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      "name": "GLDAS Land Data Assimilation",
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      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Land Surface Models",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Runoff",
        "Snow"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 0.25° resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "GLEAM Global Evapotranspiration",
      "description": "Satellite-based global land evapotranspiration and root-zone soil moisture dataset at 0.1-degree resolution from 1980 to present providing transpiration, bare-soil evaporation, interception loss, and evaporative stress",
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      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Transpiration",
        "Evaporative Stress",
        "Root-Zone Moisture"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global land, 0.1-degree, 1980-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "GLIMS Glacier Database",
      "description": "International inventory of 200,000+ glaciers worldwide from satellite imagery (ASTER, Landsat) providing glacier outlines, area, snowlines, and change rates in GIS-compatible formats",
      "url": "https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0272/versions/1",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Glacier Outlines",
        "Glacier Area",
        "Change Detection",
        "Snowline Data",
        "GIS Shapefiles"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "200,000+ glaciers worldwide (1850-present)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Flood Database",
      "description": "NASA and University of Colorado comprehensive flood archive",
      "url": "https://global-flood-database.cloudtostreet.ai/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Extent",
        "Population Impact",
        "Economic Loss",
        "Satellite Analysis"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "913 floods from 2000-2018",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Forest Watch Satellite Monitoring",
      "description": "World Resources Institute platform providing near-real-time satellite-based forest monitoring including deforestation alerts from Landsat, Sentinel, and VIIRS relevant to watershed protection and water quality",
      "url": "https://www.globalforestwatch.org/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Deforestation Alerts",
        "Forest Cover Change",
        "Fire Alerts",
        "Watershed Monitoring",
        "Land Use Change"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global forests, near-real-time alerts"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Groundwater Monitoring Network",
      "description": "International groundwater data sharing",
      "url": "https://un-igrac.org/data/dataset/",
      "category": "UN Organization",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Quality Parameters",
        "Metadata"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Collaborative global initiative",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Human Settlement Layer",
      "description": "Global settlement and built-up area mapping",
      "url": "https://ghsl.jrc.ec.europa.eu/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Urban Mapping",
        "Settlement Data",
        "Built-up Areas",
        "Population",
        "Multi-temporal"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global multi-resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Irrigated Area Mapping",
      "description": "University of Bonn/FAO global irrigation mapping system",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/geospatial-information/global-maps-irrigated-areas",
      "category": "UN Organization",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Irrigation Maps",
        "Agricultural Water",
        "Land Use",
        "Water Consumption"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global irrigated areas",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Precipitation Measurement",
      "description": "Real-time precipitation data",
      "url": "https://gpm.nasa.gov/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Rainfall",
        "Weather Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global satellite coverage",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Runoff Data Centre (GRDC)",
      "description": "Global river discharge data center with 8000+ stations worldwide, established at German Federal Institute of Hydrology",
      "url": "https://gcos.dwd.de/DWD-GCOS/EN/nationalcontributions/servicesforgcos/intdatacentres/grdc/grdc_node.html",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Discharge",
        "Global Runoff Data",
        "Hydrological Measurements"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Germany",
      "coverage": "Global (operated from Germany)",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global SWAT+ Databases",
      "description": "High-resolution global databases for SWAT+ applications",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-019-0282-4",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Global Soil Data",
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Historical Weather",
        "Future Climate",
        "Land Use Maps"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global SWAT+ modeling support",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Urban Footprint",
      "description": "Global settlement layer from radar data",
      "url": "https://www.dlr.de/guf",
      "category": "Academic",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Urban Footprint",
        "SAR Data",
        "Settlement Mapping",
        "12m Resolution"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 12m resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "GlobSnow Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) v2",
      "description": "ESA Climate Change Initiative product providing Northern Hemisphere terrestrial snow water equivalent from satellite passive microwave radiometers combined with ground observations via Bayesian data assimilation",
      "url": "https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0595/versions/2",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Snow Water Equivalent",
        "Daily SWE Maps",
        "Monthly Composites",
        "Passive Microwave Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Northern Hemisphere",
      "coverage": "Northern Hemisphere non-mountainous land, 1979-2018"
    },
    {
      "name": "GloFAS v4.4 Global Flood Awareness",
      "description": "Operational global flood forecasting with ECMWF's AIFS model. Includes short/medium/long range forecasts and satellite-based flood detection. Released September 2025.",
      "url": "https://global-flood.emergency.copernicus.eu/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Forecasts",
        "Streamflow",
        "Flood Detection"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Google Earth Engine CMIP6",
      "description": "CMIP6 datasets accessible through Earth Engine",
      "url": "https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/NASA_GDDP-CMIP6",
      "category": "Company",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Cloud Computing",
        "JavaScript API",
        "Python API",
        "Planetary Scale",
        "CMIP6 Analysis"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "API Key Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global cloud-based analysis",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Google Earth Engine GSW",
      "description": "JRC Global Surface Water on GEE",
      "url": "https://developers.google.com/earth-engine/datasets/catalog/JRC_GSW1_4_GlobalSurfaceWater",
      "category": "Company",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Cloud Computing",
        "Raster Analysis",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "API Key Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Earth Engine platform access",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Google Earth Engine Water",
      "description": "Cloud platform for planetary-scale water analysis",
      "url": "https://earthengine.google.com/",
      "category": "Company",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Cloud Computing",
        "Satellite Analysis",
        "Time Series",
        "Water Detection",
        "Big Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "API Key Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Petabyte-scale datasets",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "GPM IMERG Precipitation",
      "description": "Global Precipitation Measurement Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals",
      "url": "https://gpm.nasa.gov/data/imerg",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Satellite Data",
        "Real-time",
        "Global Coverage",
        "High Resolution"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 0.1° resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "GRACE-FO Global Weekly Drought Maps",
      "description": "New global weekly maps of soil moisture and groundwater conditions plus 1-3 month U.S. forecasts. Previously U.S.-only, now expanded worldwide.",
      "url": "https://nasagrace.unl.edu/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Groundwater Drought",
        "Terrestrial Water Storage"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global (maps), U.S. (forecasts)",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Grafana",
      "description": "Analytics and monitoring platform with rich visualizations",
      "url": "https://grafana.com/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Monitoring",
        "Dashboards",
        "Analytics",
        "Data Visualization"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Monitoring and observability"
    },
    {
      "name": "GRASS GIS",
      "description": "Geographic Resources Analysis Support System for geospatial analysis",
      "url": "https://grass.osgeo.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "GIS",
        "Raster Analysis",
        "Vector Analysis",
        "Temporal Analysis"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global geospatial data analysis",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "GRIB Tools",
      "description": "Tools for working with GRIB meteorological data format",
      "url": "https://confluence.ecmwf.int/display/ECC/GRIB+tools",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Meteorological Data",
        "GRIB Format",
        "Data Processing",
        "Weather Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Meteorological data processing"
    },
    {
      "name": "Groundwater Atlas Digital Maps",
      "description": "USGS groundwater atlas and aquifer maps",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/ha/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Aquifer Maps",
        "Hydrogeologic Units",
        "Regional Hydrology",
        "Groundwater Flow",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Regional groundwater studies",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "GSFLOW",
      "description": "Coupled groundwater and surface-water flow model",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/software/gsflow-coupled-groundwater-and-surface-water-flow-model",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Integrated Modeling",
        "Surface-Groundwater",
        "Watershed Hydrology",
        "Coupled Systems"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Integrated hydrologic systems"
    },
    {
      "name": "GUARDIAN River Discharge Dataset",
      "description": "Sub-daily discharge data extension",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-024-03923-8",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Discharge",
        "Sub-daily Data",
        "Satellite Integration",
        "Near Real-time",
        "Gauge Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Extended discharge network",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gujarat Water Resources Database",
      "description": "Gujarat State Water Board comprehensive data",
      "url": "https://gwrdc.gujarat.gov.in/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Dam Storage",
        "Canal Flow",
        "Water Quality",
        "Irrigation Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "26 districts water management",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "H SAF ASCAT Soil Moisture (EUMETSAT)",
      "description": "Near-real-time soil moisture from ASCAT C-band scatterometers on Metop satellites. Surface soil moisture at 6.25km, disaggregated 0.5km product, and root-zone profiles to 3m depth",
      "url": "https://hsaf.meteoam.it/Products/ProductsList?type=soil_moisture",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Root-Zone Soil Moisture",
        "Near-Real-Time",
        "Climate Data Record"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, 6.25km NRT, daily updates"
    },
    {
      "name": "H2O.ai",
      "description": "Open source machine learning platform for water analytics",
      "url": "https://h2o.ai/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Machine Learning",
        "AutoML",
        "Deep Learning",
        "Big Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Enterprise machine learning"
    },
    {
      "name": "HBV",
      "description": "Conceptual hydrological model for rainfall-runoff simulation",
      "url": "https://www.smhi.se/en/services/hydrological-services-and-consultancy/hydrological-modelling-and-forecasting",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Modeling",
        "Rainfall-Runoff",
        "Snow Modeling",
        "Water Balance"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Catchments worldwide"
    },
    {
      "name": "HEC-HMS",
      "description": "Hydrologic modeling system by US Army Corps of Engineers",
      "url": "https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-hms/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Watershed Modeling",
        "Rainfall-Runoff",
        "Flood Forecasting",
        "Hydrology"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Watersheds worldwide",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "HEC-RAS",
      "description": "US Army Corps river analysis system for hydraulic modeling",
      "url": "https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Hydraulics",
        "Flood Modeling",
        "Bridge Analysis",
        "Dam Break"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Rivers and channels worldwide"
    },
    {
      "name": "HEC-ResSim",
      "description": "Reservoir system simulation software by US Army Corps",
      "url": "https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ressim/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Reservoir Operations",
        "Water Supply",
        "Flood Control",
        "Multi-purpose Operations"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Reservoir systems worldwide"
    },
    {
      "name": "HIS Central",
      "description": "Hydrologic Information System data catalog and registry",
      "url": "https://data.cuahsi.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Data Catalog",
        "Metadata",
        "Data Discovery",
        "Registry Services"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Hydrologic data discovery"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hispagua Spain Hydrography",
      "description": "CEDEX hydrographic data portal - gauging stations and river flow monitoring",
      "url": "https://hispagua.cedex.es/en/datos/hidrografia",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Gauging Stations",
        "River Flows",
        "River Basins",
        "Lakes",
        "Water Bodies"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Spain",
      "coverage": "Spain nationwide hydrographic network",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Home Assistant",
      "description": "Home automation platform with water monitoring capabilities",
      "url": "https://www.home-assistant.io/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Home Automation",
        "IoT Integration",
        "Water Monitoring",
        "Smart Home"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Home water monitoring"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hrvatske Vode Croatia",
      "description": "Croatian Waters - official water management authority with hydrological monitoring and forecasting",
      "url": "https://www.voda.hr/en",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data",
        "Water Levels",
        "Flood Forecasting",
        "Drought Monitoring",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Croatia",
      "coverage": "Croatia nationwide water management",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hub'Eau Real-time Water Data",
      "description": "Near real-time access to all water-related data in France through centralized API platform",
      "url": "https://hubeau.eaufrance.fr/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Real-time Water Data",
        "Hydrological Data",
        "Water Quality Monitoring",
        "Groundwater Levels"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "France",
      "coverage": "France nationwide",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hungary Water Research Institute",
      "description": "Danube basin hydrology research",
      "url": "https://www.vituki.eu/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Danube Research",
        "Transboundary Waters",
        "Water Engineering"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Hungary",
      "country": "Hungary",
      "coverage": "Central European water network",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hydro Network Linked Data API",
      "description": "RESTful National Hydrography API",
      "url": "https://api.water.usgs.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "API Access",
        "Linked Data",
        "RESTful API",
        "NHD Dataset",
        "Web Services"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "National Hydrography dataset",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "HydroDesktop",
      "description": "CUAHSI hydrologic information system desktop application",
      "url": "https://github.com/CUAHSI/HydroDesktop",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrologic Data",
        "Data Discovery",
        "Time Series",
        "Desktop Application"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Hydrologic data management"
    },
    {
      "name": "HydroFunctions",
      "description": "Python package for accessing and analyzing hydrological data",
      "url": "https://github.com/mroberge/hydrofunctions",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data",
        "Python Package",
        "USGS Data",
        "Time Series Analysis"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "coverage": "US hydrological data analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "HydroGeoSphere",
      "description": "Integrated hydrological modeling platform",
      "url": "https://www.aquanty.com/hydrogeosphere",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Integrated Hydrology",
        "Surface-Subsurface",
        "Finite Element",
        "Variably Saturated"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Research",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Research hydrological modeling"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hydrological Forecasting Time Series",
      "description": "LSTM-based water quality prediction",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0169772223001328",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Time Series",
        "Machine Learning",
        "LSTM Networks",
        "Forecasting",
        "Predictions"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "API Key Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Multivariate prediction models",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hydrosat Thermal Satellite Water Stress",
      "description": "Commercial thermal infrared satellite platform providing evapotranspiration, crop water stress, and soil moisture at field-level resolution for precision agriculture and water resource management",
      "url": "https://hydrosat.com/thermal-data/",
      "category": "Company",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Thermal Infrared Imagery",
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Crop Water Stress",
        "Soil Moisture"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Paid",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global agricultural regions"
    },
    {
      "name": "HydroShare CUAHSI",
      "description": "Hydrologic data sharing",
      "url": "https://www.hydroshare.org/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrologic Data",
        "Models",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Research community",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "HydroSHEDS Global Hydrological Data",
      "description": "Global hydrographic dataset providing river networks, watershed boundaries, and flow accumulation derived from satellite elevation data (SRTM, TanDEM-X) at multiple resolutions from 3 arc-second to 5-minute",
      "url": "https://www.hydrosheds.org/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Networks",
        "Watershed Boundaries",
        "Flow Accumulation",
        "Digital Elevation",
        "Drainage Basins"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, multiple resolutions (90m to 10km)"
    },
    {
      "name": "HydroSHEDS Global Water Data",
      "description": "SRTM-based global hydrography",
      "url": "https://www.hydrosheds.org/products",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Shapefiles",
        "River Networks",
        "Watershed Boundaries",
        "Flow Accumulation",
        "Global Coverage"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "HydroSHEDS v2 releasing 2025",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "hydrostats",
      "description": "R package for hydrological statistics and analysis",
      "url": "https://cran.r-project.org/package=hydrostats",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Statistics",
        "R Package",
        "Flow Analysis",
        "Statistical Methods"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Hydrological data analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "HypeWeb Global Water Predictions",
      "description": "Scientific estimates of past, present and future water resources worldwide by SMHI",
      "url": "https://hypeweb.smhi.se/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Global Hydrology",
        "Water Resource Predictions",
        "Climate Scenarios",
        "HYPE Modeling"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global water resource modeling",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "HYSETS North America Database",
      "description": "Comprehensive hydrometeorological modeling database",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-020-00583-2",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Watershed Modeling",
        "Hydrometeorological Data",
        "Streamflow",
        "Precipitation",
        "Temperature"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "coverage": "14,425 watersheds 1950-2018",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "ICARE Atmosphere Data Centre",
      "description": "French data center (CNES/CNRS/Universite de Lille) hosting 100+ million files of satellite data on clouds, aerosols, water vapor, radiation, and precipitation as part of the AERIS national atmosphere data infrastructure",
      "url": "https://www.icare.univ-lille.fr/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Vapor",
        "Cloud Properties",
        "Precipitation",
        "Atmospheric Radiation",
        "Aerosols"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global atmosphere data, 100M+ files, multi-mission"
    },
    {
      "name": "ICESat-2 ATL13 Inland Water Surface Height v7",
      "description": "Along-track water surface height for lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and estuaries from ICESat-2 laser altimetry. Version 7 (2025) with orthometric/ellipsoidal heights, wave height, and bottom depth",
      "url": "https://nsidc.org/data/atl13/versions/7",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Inland Water Level",
        "Laser Altimetry",
        "River Height",
        "Lake Height"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global inland waters, along-track profiles"
    },
    {
      "name": "IDEAM DHIME - Colombia Hydrometeorological Data",
      "description": "Colombia's official hydrometeorological data system providing time series for water levels, river flows, sediment transport, and cross-sectional profiles with interactive maps",
      "url": "https://dhime.ideam.gov.co/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Water Levels",
        "Sediment Transport",
        "Meteorological Data",
        "Hydrological Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Latin America",
      "country": "Colombia",
      "coverage": "National hydrometeorological network"
    },
    {
      "name": "IDEAM Geoglows Hydrology Portal",
      "description": "Specialized hydrology applications with streamflow forecasting and hydrologic analysis tools",
      "url": "https://ideam.geoglows.org/apps/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow Data",
        "Hydrologic Forecasting",
        "Observed vs Simulated Data Analysis"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South America",
      "country": "Colombia",
      "coverage": "Colombia river basins",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "IGRAC Groundwater Portal",
      "description": "Global groundwater information",
      "url": "https://un-igrac.org/data/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater",
        "Aquifer Maps",
        "Well Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global groundwater data",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ilmateenistus Estonia Water",
      "description": "Estonian Weather Service - real-time hydrological data and graphs",
      "url": "https://www.ilmateenistus.ee/siseveed/vaatlusandmed/graafikud/?lang=en",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Real-time Hydrology",
        "Water Monitoring Graphs",
        "Automated Stations",
        "Online Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Estonia",
      "coverage": "Estonia real-time hydrological network",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "IMD Climate Data Service Portal (CDSP)",
      "description": "India Meteorological Department's portal for downloading gridded temperature and rainfall data at 0.25-degree resolution from 1901-present for climate research",
      "url": "https://cdsp.imdpune.gov.in/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Gridded Rainfall",
        "Temperature Data",
        "Climate Records",
        "Historical Meteorological Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "National - gridded data covering entire India, 1901-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "IMD Gridded Rainfall NetCDF",
      "description": "0.25° daily gridded rainfall datasets",
      "url": "https://www.imdpune.gov.in/cmpg/Griddata/Rainfall_25_NetCDF.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Gridded Data",
        "NetCDF",
        "Daily Rainfall",
        "0.25 Resolution",
        "Long-term Records"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "1901-2010 daily rainfall grids",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "IMGW-PIB Public Data Portal (Poland)",
      "description": "Open data portal of the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management providing freely downloadable hydrological and meteorological measurement data at hourly, daily, and monthly intervals",
      "url": "https://danepubliczne.imgw.pl/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Measurements",
        "River Flow",
        "Water Levels",
        "Precipitation",
        "Meteorological Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Poland",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "India Flood Inventory Database",
      "description": "Multi-source flood research database",
      "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-021-04698-6",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Data",
        "Historical Records",
        "Multi-source",
        "Geospatial Database",
        "Research Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "National flood inventory",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "India Meteorological Department Rainfall",
      "description": "IMD rainfall data and statistics",
      "url": "https://mausam.imd.gov.in/responsive/rainfallinformation_swd.php",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rainfall Data",
        "Weather Statistics",
        "Seasonal Data",
        "District wise",
        "Historical Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "All India rainfall monitoring",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "India Open Government Data Water",
      "description": "OGD platform water datasets",
      "url": "https://www.data.gov.in/catalog/rainfall-india",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Government Data",
        "Rainfall Statistics",
        "Open Data",
        "Administrative Reports",
        "Public Access"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Multiple ministries data",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "India-WRIS Portal",
      "description": "Water Resources Information System",
      "url": "https://indiawris.gov.in/wris/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data",
        "River Flow",
        "Water Levels",
        "Reservoir Data",
        "Groundwater"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Integrated water data platform",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Indian Precipitation Ensemble Dataset",
      "description": "IPED 0.1° ensemble precipitation",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-04474-2",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Ensemble Data",
        "0.1 Resolution",
        "Precipitation",
        "30-member Ensemble",
        "High Resolution"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "1991-2020 daily ensemble",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Indonesia Water Portal",
      "description": "Gateway to Indonesia water sector information",
      "url": "https://indonesiawaterportal.com/",
      "category": "Portal",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water News",
        "Policy",
        "Projects",
        "Research"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Indonesia",
      "coverage": "National",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Indonesia WRDC",
      "description": "Water Resources Data Center - centralized water data from Ministry PUPR",
      "url": "https://pdsda.sda.pu.go.id/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Resources",
        "Infrastructure",
        "River Basin Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Indonesia",
      "coverage": "All river basins",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
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    {
      "name": "Indus River System Authority",
      "description": "Indus basin water management",
      "url": "http://pakirsa.gov.pk/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Apportionment",
        "River Flows",
        "Reservoir Data",
        "Canal Systems"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Pakistan",
      "country": "Pakistan",
      "coverage": "Indus River system",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "InfluxDB",
      "description": "Time series database for IoT and monitoring applications",
      "url": "https://www.influxdata.com/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Time Series Database",
        "IoT Data",
        "Monitoring",
        "Real-time Analytics"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Time series data applications"
    },
    {
      "name": "INPE Brazil Data Cube (BDC)",
      "description": "Brazilian National Institute for Space Research initiative producing analysis-ready data cubes from Sentinel-2, Landsat, and CBERS-4 satellites for water resource monitoring and land use classification",
      "url": "https://data.inpe.br/bdc/en/home-page-2/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Analysis Ready Data Cubes",
        "Land Use Classification",
        "Vegetation Indices",
        "Surface Reflectance",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South America",
      "country": "Brazil",
      "coverage": "Brazilian territory, multi-satellite"
    },
    {
      "name": "INPE TerraBrasilis",
      "description": "INPE geographic data platform providing satellite-based deforestation monitoring (PRODES annual rates, DETER real-time alerts) for Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal biomes with public data downloads",
      "url": "https://terrabrasilis.dpi.inpe.br/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Deforestation Rates",
        "Real-Time Alerts",
        "Vegetation Change",
        "Land Use Maps",
        "Biome Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South America",
      "country": "Brazil",
      "coverage": "Amazon, Cerrado, Pantanal biomes"
    },
    {
      "name": "INSPIRE Water Directive EU",
      "description": "European water data sharing infrastructure",
      "url": "https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/",
      "category": "Regional",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Framework Directive",
        "Metadata Standards",
        "Spatial Data",
        "Interoperability"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "EU member states",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "International Charter: Space and Major Disasters",
      "description": "Voluntary collaboration of 17 space agencies providing free satellite imagery during major disasters with 270+ contributing satellites and 1000+ activations in 140+ countries since 2000",
      "url": "https://disasterscharter.org/activations",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Disaster Imagery",
        "Flood Mapping",
        "Earthquake Damage",
        "Satellite Imagery"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "140+ countries, 1000+ activations since 2000"
    },
    {
      "name": "ISIMIP Climate Impact Data",
      "description": "Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project",
      "url": "https://www.isimip.org/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Impacts",
        "Bias Corrected",
        "Sectoral Impacts",
        "Water Resources",
        "0.5° Resolution"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global climate impact projections",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "ISPRA Inland Waters Database",
      "description": "Historical hydrological data and monitoring information",
      "url": "https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/en/databases/data-base-collection/inland-waters/inland-waters",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrology",
        "Water Quality",
        "Historical Data",
        "Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Italy",
      "coverage": "National inland water monitoring",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Italy ISPRA Environmental Data",
      "description": "National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research",
      "url": "https://www.isprambiente.gov.it/en",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Environmental Data",
        "Water Quality",
        "Hydrology",
        "Climate"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Italy",
      "coverage": "National environmental monitoring",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "IWA Water Reuse SCADA Database",
      "description": "Smart IoT-based water treatment SCADA processes",
      "url": "https://iwaponline.com/jwrd/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Reuse",
        "IoT Integration",
        "SCADA Processes",
        "Treatment Innovation",
        "Process Optimization"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "API Key Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Water reuse research data",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Japan e-Stat Water Statistics",
      "description": "Official government statistics portal including water resource data",
      "url": "https://www.e-stat.go.jp/en",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Statistics",
        "Infrastructure",
        "Usage Data",
        "API Access"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Japan",
      "coverage": "Nationwide",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Japan Meteorological Agency Flood Warnings",
      "description": "Real-time risk map and river flood forecasting system with 5-level warning scale",
      "url": "https://www.jma.go.jp/bosai/en_risk/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Data",
        "Flood Warnings",
        "Real-time Data",
        "Risk Assessment",
        "River Levels",
        "Early Warning"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Japan",
      "coverage": "National river systems and urban areas",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Japan Oceanographic Data Center",
      "description": "Marine and coastal water quality data",
      "url": "https://www.jodc.go.jp/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Ocean Data",
        "Water Quality",
        "Marine Environment"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Japan",
      "coverage": "Japanese waters",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Japan Water Agency Real-time Data",
      "description": "Real-time water source information including water levels, rainfall, dam operations",
      "url": "https://www.water.go.jp/honsya/honsya/suigen/realtime/index.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Levels",
        "Rainfall",
        "Dam Data",
        "Real-time Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Japan",
      "coverage": "7 major river systems",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "JAXA ALOS Series Open and Free Data",
      "description": "Freely available ALOS and ALOS-2 satellite data including PALSAR/PALSAR-2 SAR imagery, global forest/non-forest maps, and digital elevation models as CEOS Analysis Ready Data",
      "url": "https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/dataset/alos_open_and_free_e.htm",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "SAR Backscatter",
        "Forest/Non-Forest Maps",
        "Digital Elevation Model",
        "L-Band SAR",
        "Analysis Ready Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, ALOS (2006-2011) and ALOS-2 (2014-present)"
    },
    {
      "name": "JAXA ALOS-4 PALSAR-3 L-band SAR",
      "description": "L-band SAR from ALOS-4 (launched 2024) with 3-25m resolution modes. L-band penetrates vegetation canopy for wetland/flood mapping under forest cover. Free global mosaics and forest/non-forest maps",
      "url": "https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/alos-4/a4_data_e.htm",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "SAR Imagery",
        "Wetland Mapping",
        "Flood Detection",
        "Forest/Non-Forest"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, 3-25m resolution"
    },
    {
      "name": "JAXA AMSR Earth Observation Data",
      "description": "Direct download service for AMSR2 and AMSR-E research products from JAXA including soil moisture, precipitation, snow water equivalent, sea ice, and brightness temperature",
      "url": "https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/AMSR/download/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Precipitation",
        "Snow Water Equivalent",
        "Sea Ice Concentration",
        "Brightness Temperature"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global AMSR2 data, 2012-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "JAXA Earth API",
      "description": "JAXA satellite data distribution service providing 90+ datasets as Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF including elevation, surface temperature, vegetation, precipitation, and soil moisture via Python, JavaScript, and QGIS",
      "url": "https://data.earth.jaxa.jp/en/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Precipitation",
        "Surface Temperature",
        "Elevation",
        "Vegetation Index"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, 90+ satellite datasets, Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF"
    },
    {
      "name": "JAXA G-Portal",
      "description": "JAXA satellite data portal for searching and downloading Earth observation products from ALOS, GCOM-W, GCOM-C, GPM, and other Japanese missions with web search and SFTP bulk download",
      "url": "https://gportal.jaxa.jp/gpr/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Satellite Data Portal",
        "SAR Data",
        "Ocean Data",
        "Atmosphere Data",
        "Multi-Mission"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, all JAXA Earth observation missions"
    },
    {
      "name": "JAXA GCOM-W AMSR2 Water Cycle Products",
      "description": "JAXA Global Change Observation Mission-Water SHIZUKU satellite providing AMSR2 microwave radiometer data for global precipitation, soil moisture, snow depth, sea surface temperature, and sea ice since 2012",
      "url": "https://suzaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GCOM_W/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Sea Surface Temperature",
        "Water Vapor",
        "Snow Depth",
        "Sea Ice"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, daily, 10-50km resolution, 2012-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "JAXA GOSAT-GW Water Cycle",
      "description": "GOSAT-GW satellite launched 2025 orbiting at 666 km with 3-day repeat cycle, contributing to WMO Global Greenhouse Gas Watch for water cycle monitoring.",
      "url": "https://earth.jaxa.jp/en/data/index.html",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Cycle",
        "Atmospheric Moisture",
        "Greenhouse Gas"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "JAXA GSMaP Global Rainfall Watch",
      "description": "JAXA Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation providing hourly global rainfall estimates at 0.1-degree resolution combining GPM, microwave, and infrared satellite sensors from 2000 to present",
      "url": "https://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hourly Precipitation",
        "Rainfall Estimates",
        "Global Precipitation Maps",
        "Near-Real-Time Rainfall"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, hourly, 0.1-degree resolution, 2000-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "JAXA JASMES Satellite Monitoring",
      "description": "JAXA Satellite Monitoring for Environmental Studies providing sea surface temperature, water stress trends, soil moisture, snow/ice cover, precipitation, and ocean color from GCOM-C/SGLI and other sensors",
      "url": "https://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/JASMES/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sea Surface Temperature",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Snow and Ice Cover",
        "Ocean Color",
        "Water Stress"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global climate and ocean monitoring"
    },
    {
      "name": "JAXA JCOPE-T 1km Ocean Weather Forecast",
      "description": "1km resolution ocean weather forecast service combining JAXA satellite sea surface temperature data with JAMSTEC ocean circulation model. Launched March 2025.",
      "url": "https://earth.jaxa.jp/en/earthview/2025/03/27/8698/index.html",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Ocean Temperature",
        "Ocean Currents",
        "Sea Surface Temperature"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Japan",
      "coverage": "Pacific Ocean (Japanese waters)",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "Jordan Ministry of Water and Irrigation",
      "description": "Official portal for Jordan's water sector management with GIS-based Water Information System, National Water Strategy, water master plans, and sector statistics",
      "url": "https://www.mwi.gov.jo/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Supply Statistics",
        "Water Demand Data",
        "GIS Water Mapping",
        "Wastewater Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Middle East",
      "country": "Jordan",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Journal of Hydrology Database",
      "description": "Elsevier's premier water science journal",
      "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/journal-of-hydrology",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrology Research",
        "Modeling",
        "Field Studies"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "API Key Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "25000+ research articles",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Jupyter Notebooks",
      "description": "Interactive computing environment for data science and analysis",
      "url": "https://jupyter.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Interactive Computing",
        "Data Science",
        "Notebooks",
        "Reproducible Research"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Data analysis and research",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "K-water South Korea",
      "description": "Korea Water Resources Corporation - K-HIT real-time hydrological information and forecasting",
      "url": "https://www.kwater.or.kr/eng/main.do",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Real-time Hydrology",
        "Precipitation Forecasts",
        "Flood Analysis",
        "Reservoir Management",
        "AI Water Management"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "coverage": "South Korea nationwide water resources",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Karnataka KWMRIS Portal",
      "description": "Karnataka Water Management Resource Information System",
      "url": "https://waterresources.karnataka.gov.in/english",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Monitoring",
        "Borewell Data",
        "Water Table",
        "Quality Assessment",
        "Tank Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "30 districts water resources",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kenya Water Resources Authority",
      "description": "Water permits and monitoring",
      "url": "https://wra.go.ke/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Permits",
        "Surface Water",
        "Climate Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Kenya",
      "country": "Kenya",
      "coverage": "118 real-time stations",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time"
    },
    {
      "name": "Keras",
      "description": "High-level neural networks API for water prediction models",
      "url": "https://keras.io/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Deep Learning",
        "Neural Networks",
        "High-level API",
        "TensorFlow Backend"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Deep learning applications"
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    {
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      "name": "Landsat Science Portal",
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      "url": "https://www.lubw.baden-wuerttemberg.de/",
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        "Spatial Data Publishing",
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        "Fractional Snow Cover",
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        "Snowpack Monitoring"
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        "Cloud Data Access",
        "Data Subsetting"
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      "coverage": "100,000+ NASA Earth science datasets"
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      "name": "NASA Earthdata Water Quality",
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        "Surface Temperature",
        "Microplastic Detection",
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        "Mineral Mapping",
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      "coverage": "Global (52°N to 69°S, 60m resolution)"
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      "name": "NASA FIRMS Fire Information for Resource Management",
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      "name": "NASA FLDAS (Famine Early Warning Land Data Assimilation)",
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        "Runoff",
        "Surface Temperature",
        "Precipitation Forcing"
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      "coverage": "Global land, 0.1-degree monthly, 1982-present"
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      "name": "NASA GES DISC",
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        "Time Series Analysis"
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      "coverage": "Global MODIS/VIIRS archive (2000-present)"
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      "coverage": "Global, data within 3 hours of satellite observation"
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      "coverage": "Global oceans and hydrology, multi-mission"
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    },
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    },
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      "coverage": "Global, 900+ satellite imagery layers"
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        "Well Construction",
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        "Groundwater Monitoring"
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      "country": "United States",
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      "region": "North America",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "Canada's aquatic ecosystems",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
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    {
      "name": "National Water Data Portal (NWDP)",
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      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
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        "River Water Levels",
        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Surface Water Quality",
        "Water Body Inventory"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
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      "coverage": "National - data from 20+ central and state agencies"
    },
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        "Management Data",
        "Policy Data",
        "Water Use Efficiency",
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      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "National water mission data",
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      "region": "United States",
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        "Vector Data",
        "Coastlines",
        "Rivers",
        "Lakes"
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      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Multiple detail levels",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
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      "dataTypes": [
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        "Flood Risk",
        "Quality Monitoring",
        "Marine Data"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "UK",
      "country": "UK",
      "coverage": "Wales",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
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      "name": "Nature Scientific Data Water Collection",
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      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
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        "Methodology",
        "Reproducible Research"
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      "region": "Global",
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      "description": "Premier water science journal datasets",
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        "Hydrology",
        "Groundwater Studies"
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      "region": "Global",
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      "name": "NCAR Research Data Archive",
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        "Climate Models",
        "Atmospheric Data",
        "Oceanographic Data",
        "Model Outputs"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global atmospheric and ocean data",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis",
      "description": "Climate reanalysis for water balance studies",
      "url": "https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Reanalysis",
        "Precipitation",
        "Temperature",
        "Pressure",
        "Historical Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 2.5° resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nepal Department of Hydrology and Meteorology",
      "description": "National hydrometeorological services with weather and water monitoring across Nepal",
      "url": "https://www.dhm.gov.np/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
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        "Hydrology Monitoring",
        "Weather Warnings",
        "Hydrology Warnings",
        "Rainfall",
        "Wind",
        "Snowfall",
        "Landslides",
        "Avalanches"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Nepal",
      "coverage": "Nepal nationwide with stations across all regions",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Nepal River Watch Data Management System",
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      "url": "http://dhm.gov.np/hydrology/river-watch",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
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        "Water Levels",
        "Discharge Monitoring"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Nepal",
      "coverage": "Nepal river monitoring stations",
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    },
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      "name": "NetCDF",
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      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
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        "Scientific Data",
        "Multidimensional Arrays",
        "Metadata"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Scientific data storage"
    },
    {
      "name": "New Zealand Water Research Center",
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      "url": "https://www.niwa.co.nz/freshwater",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
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        "Water Quality",
        "Climate Change Impact"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "New Zealand",
      "country": "New Zealand",
      "coverage": "National freshwater research",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 NASA Downscaled",
      "description": "NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections",
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      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
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        "Daily Data",
        "Bias Corrected",
        "25km Resolution",
        "SSP Scenarios",
        "1950-2100"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 25km downscaled projections",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "NHDPlus High Resolution",
      "description": "National hydrography framework with stream networks and catchments",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/national-hydrography/nhdplus-high-resolution",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Stream Networks",
        "Flowlines",
        "Catchments",
        "Flow Direction",
        "River Geometry"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "27 million flowline features",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
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      "name": "Nigeria Hydrological Services Agency (NIHSA)",
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      "url": "https://nihsa.gov.ng/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
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        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Flood Forecasts",
        "Water Quality",
        "Hydrological Yearbooks"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
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      "country": "Nigeria",
      "coverage": "National"
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      "url": "https://www.waterresources.gov.ng/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Policy",
        "Projects",
        "Water Resources Management"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Nigeria",
      "coverage": "National",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
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      "name": "Nile Basin DSS",
      "description": "Nile Basin Decision Support System for water resources planning",
      "url": "https://nilebasin.org/",
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      "dataTypes": [
        "River Basin",
        "Water Resources",
        "Decision Support",
        "Transboundary"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Africa",
      "coverage": "11 Nile Basin countries",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "NIMH Bulgaria Hydrology",
      "description": "National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology - Bulgarian hydrological monitoring and forecasting",
      "url": "https://hydro.bg/en/t1.php",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Levels",
        "Hydrological Forecasting",
        "Precipitation",
        "Flood Warnings",
        "Drought Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Bulgaria",
      "coverage": "Bulgaria nationwide hydrology",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Nine Springs WWTP Dataset",
      "description": "Historical wastewater treatment data 1996-2019",
      "url": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/22/12383",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Wastewater Treatment",
        "Historical Data",
        "Plant Operations",
        "Treatment Performance",
        "Process Analytics"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "1M+ treatment records",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "NIWA Hydro Web Portal",
      "description": "River flow and water quality monitoring data from NIWA's Benchmark river monitoring network with provisional and quality checked records graded following NEMS guidelines",
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      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Water Quality Monitoring",
        "Provisional Data",
        "Quality Checked Data",
        "NEMS Graded Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "New Zealand",
      "coverage": "New Zealand benchmark river monitoring network",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "NIWA Water Quality Information System (WQIS)",
      "description": "Free national data service with monthly water quality data since 1989 from 77 river monitoring sites including dissolved oxygen, temperature, clarity, turbidity, pH, nutrients, bacteria",
      "url": "https://niwa.co.nz/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
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        "Temperature",
        "Clarity",
        "Turbidity",
        "pH",
        "Nutrients",
        "Faecal Indicator Bacteria"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "New Zealand",
      "coverage": "77 river monitoring sites across New Zealand",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA Atlas 14 Precipitation Frequency",
      "description": "IDF curves and precipitation frequency estimates for stormwater design",
      "url": "https://hdsc.nws.noaa.gov/pfds/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "IDF Curves",
        "Precipitation Frequency",
        "Stormwater Design",
        "Engineering",
        "Atlas Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Continental US",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA CMORPH Satellite Precipitation CDR",
      "description": "CPC Morphing Technique satellite precipitation estimates combining passive microwave observations with geostationary IR data at 8km/30-minute resolution from 1998 to present",
      "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/climate-data-records/precipitation-cmorph",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Satellite Precipitation",
        "Climate Data Record",
        "30-Minute Estimates",
        "Bias-Corrected Rainfall"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "60S-60N global, 8km, 1998-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA Coastal Ocean Reanalysis (CORA)",
      "description": "Over 40 years (1979-2022) of modeled historical water level and wave data every 500m along the U.S. Atlantic, Caribbean, and Gulf coasts. Released January 2025.",
      "url": "https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/cora.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Levels",
        "Wave Data",
        "Coastal Flood Risk"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "U.S. coastlines",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA CoastWatch/OceanWatch",
      "description": "Satellite-derived ocean and coastal data including sea surface temperature, ocean color, chlorophyll-a, turbidity, and winds from VIIRS, MODIS, and other platforms with near-real-time and science-quality products",
      "url": "https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Ocean Color",
        "Sea Surface Temperature",
        "Chlorophyll-a",
        "Turbidity",
        "Satellite Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global oceans, U.S. coastal waters, Great Lakes"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA Digital Coast Hydrography",
      "description": "Coastal water feature downloads",
      "url": "https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/nhd.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Shapefiles",
        "Coastal Data",
        "National Hydrography",
        "Vector Downloads",
        "GIS Ready"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "NOAA coastal hydrography",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA Digital Coast Water Quality",
      "description": "National coastal water quality monitoring",
      "url": "https://coast.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/water-quality.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Coastal Water Quality",
        "Estuarine Data",
        "Marine Ecosystems",
        "Nutrients",
        "pH Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "US coastal waters",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA HABSOS (Harmful Algal Bloom Observing System)",
      "description": "Data collection and distribution system tracking current and historical harmful algal bloom events in the Gulf of Mexico since 2001 with cell counts, environmental data, and interactive mapping",
      "url": "https://habsos.noaa.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Algal Blooms",
        "Cell Counts",
        "Environmental Data",
        "Historical HAB Events"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Gulf of Mexico, 2001-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA Harmful Algal Bloom Monitoring System",
      "description": "Near-real-time satellite-derived harmful algal bloom monitoring for U.S. coastal and Great Lakes regions using Sentinel-3 OLCI and Sentinel-2 MSI imagery",
      "url": "https://coastalscience.noaa.gov/science-areas/habs/hab-monitoring-system/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Algal Blooms",
        "Cyanobacteria Detection",
        "Water Quality",
        "Satellite Imagery"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Great Lakes, Gulf of Mexico, U.S. coastal waters"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA IMS Snow and Ice Analysis",
      "description": "Daily analyst-verified multisensor snow and ice cover analysis at 1km/4km resolution for the Northern Hemisphere using multiple satellite sensors. Twice-daily since 2014, used for weather model initialization",
      "url": "https://nsidc.org/data/g02156/versions/1",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Snow Cover",
        "Sea Ice Extent",
        "Multi-Sensor Analysis",
        "Daily Maps"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Northern Hemisphere",
      "coverage": "Northern Hemisphere, 1km/4km, daily"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA National Water Model",
      "description": "Hydrologic forecasting system",
      "url": "https://water.noaa.gov/about/nwm",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow Forecasts",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Snow",
        "Reservoir Levels"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "USA",
      "country": "USA",
      "coverage": "2.7 million river reaches",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA National Water Prediction Service",
      "description": "Water forecasting and flood prediction",
      "url": "https://water.noaa.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow Forecasts",
        "Flood Warnings",
        "Water Temperature",
        "Ice Coverage"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "USA",
      "country": "USA",
      "coverage": "National water prediction network",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA Sea Level Rise Satellite Data",
      "description": "NOAA STAR satellite altimetry-derived sea level rise monitoring and visualization products showing regional and global sea level trends from multi-mission satellite data",
      "url": "https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/socd/lsa/SeaLevelRise/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sea Level Rise",
        "Satellite Altimetry",
        "Regional Sea Level Trends",
        "Coastal Inundation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global oceans, multi-mission altimetry"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA STAR Global Vegetation Health Products",
      "description": "Weekly global vegetation health indices (VHI, VCI, TCI) from AVHRR and VIIRS satellites at 4km resolution from 1981 to present for drought monitoring and agricultural assessment",
      "url": "https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/smcd/emb/vci/VH/index.php",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Vegetation Health Index",
        "Vegetation Condition Index",
        "Temperature Condition Index",
        "Drought Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global land, 4km weekly, 1981-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA Tides and Currents",
      "description": "Coastal water levels and tidal data for HEC-RAS boundary conditions",
      "url": "https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Tidal Data",
        "Water Levels",
        "Boundary Conditions",
        "Coastal Modeling",
        "Real-time Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "3,000+ water level stations",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA Tools",
      "description": "National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data tools",
      "url": "https://www.noaa.gov/tools-and-resources",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Atmospheric Data",
        "Ocean Data",
        "Climate Services",
        "Weather Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "coverage": "US atmospheric and oceanic data"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA World Ocean Database 2025",
      "description": "World's largest ocean profile data collection",
      "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/world-ocean-database",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Ocean Data",
        "Marine Monitoring",
        "Water Temperature",
        "Salinity",
        "Oceanographic Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "18.6M oceanographic casts",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Node-RED",
      "description": "Flow-based programming tool for IoT and automation",
      "url": "https://nodered.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "IoT Programming",
        "Flow-based",
        "Automation",
        "Visual Programming"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "IoT and automation projects"
    },
    {
      "name": "NRCS SCAN - Soil Climate Analysis Network",
      "description": "USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service network monitoring soil moisture, precipitation, temperature, and other climate data",
      "url": "https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/data-and-reports/soil-climate-analysis-network",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Precipitation",
        "Temperature",
        "Climate Data",
        "Groundwater Recharge"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "United States - 200+ stations nationwide",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "NRCS SNOTEL Network",
      "description": "Snow telemetry and soil climate monitoring",
      "url": "https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/wcc/home/dataAccessHelp/webService/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Snowpack",
        "Soil Temperature",
        "Precipitation",
        "Air Temperature"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "USA",
      "country": "USA",
      "coverage": "800+ mountain sites in western US",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "NRSC Bhuvan Bhujal Portal",
      "description": "ISRO groundwater prospects information system",
      "url": "https://bhuvan-app1.nrsc.gov.in/gwis/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Prospects",
        "Geological Mapping",
        "1:50,000 Scale",
        "Geospatial Data",
        "20 States Coverage"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "20 states groundwater mapping",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "NSIDC Sea Ice Index v4",
      "description": "Daily and monthly Arctic/Antarctic sea ice extent and concentration from passive microwave satellite data (SSM/I, SSMIS) since November 1978 with images, GeoTIFF, and time series data",
      "url": "https://nsidc.org/data/g02135/versions/4",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sea Ice Extent",
        "Sea Ice Concentration",
        "Ice Anomaly Maps",
        "Trend Analysis",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Arctic and Antarctic, 25km, 1978-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "NumPy",
      "description": "Fundamental package for scientific computing with Python",
      "url": "https://numpy.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Scientific Computing",
        "Array Processing",
        "Linear Algebra",
        "Python Library"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Scientific Python applications",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Nutrient Monitoring Networks",
      "description": "Continuous nutrient sensor monitoring systems",
      "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1752-1688.12386",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Nutrient Sensors",
        "Continuous Monitoring",
        "Nitrate",
        "Ammonium",
        "Phosphorus",
        "Agricultural Watersheds"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Nutrient monitoring technologies",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "NVE Norwegian Hydrology",
      "description": "Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate - HYDRA II hydrological database with 120+ monitoring stations",
      "url": "https://www.nve.no/hydrology/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Levels",
        "Discharge",
        "Water Temperature",
        "Ice",
        "Sediment",
        "Snow",
        "Glacier",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Groundwater"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Norway",
      "coverage": "Norway nationwide hydrology network",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "NZ River Maps",
      "description": "National-scale predictions of metrics describing hydrology, ecology, water quality and landscapes mapped onto National River Network (RECv2.4)",
      "url": "https://shiny.niwa.co.nz/nzrivermaps/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Metrics",
        "Ecological Metrics",
        "Environmental Metrics",
        "Water Quality Predictions"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "New Zealand",
      "coverage": "All New Zealand rivers and streams",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Observable",
      "description": "Web-based platform for collaborative data visualization",
      "url": "https://observablehq.com/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Data Visualization",
        "Collaborative",
        "Web-based",
        "Notebooks"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Data exploration and visualization"
    },
    {
      "name": "ODM Tools",
      "description": "Observations Data Model tools for water data management",
      "url": "https://github.com/ODM2/ODMToolsPython",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Data Management",
        "Observations Data",
        "Quality Control",
        "Database Tools"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Observational water data"
    },
    {
      "name": "OECD Water Database",
      "description": "Water economics and efficiency",
      "url": "https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/water.html",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Use",
        "Pricing",
        "Governance"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "38 OECD countries",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "OGC WaterML Standards",
      "description": "Open geospatial consortium water data standards",
      "url": "https://www.ogc.org/standards/waterml/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Data Standards",
        "XML Schema",
        "Interoperability",
        "Web Services",
        "APIs"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "International standards",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "openAFRICA Water Datasets",
      "description": "Africa's largest independent open data repository by Code for Africa hosting downloadable water facility inventories, water point maps, and water body GIS data across multiple African countries",
      "url": "https://open.africa/dataset?tags=water",
      "category": "Portal",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Facilities",
        "Water Points",
        "Water Bodies",
        "GIS Data",
        "Sanitation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "coverage": "Continental (multiple African countries)"
    },
    {
      "name": "OpenFOAM",
      "description": "Open source computational fluid dynamics software for complex flow simulations",
      "url": "https://www.openfoam.com/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "CFD",
        "Flow Simulation",
        "Turbulence",
        "Heat Transfer"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "All fluid dynamics applications"
    },
    {
      "name": "OpenHAB",
      "description": "Open home automation bus for smart water systems",
      "url": "https://www.openhab.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Home Automation",
        "IoT Platform",
        "Device Integration",
        "Smart Systems"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Smart home and building automation"
    },
    {
      "name": "OpenLayers",
      "description": "JavaScript library for displaying map data in web browsers",
      "url": "https://openlayers.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Web Mapping",
        "JavaScript",
        "Vector Data",
        "Raster Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Advanced web mapping"
    },
    {
      "name": "OpenMUC",
      "description": "Multi utility communication framework for smart water systems",
      "url": "https://www.openmuc.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Communication Framework",
        "Utility Systems",
        "Protocol Support",
        "Data Acquisition"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Utility communication systems"
    },
    {
      "name": "OpenTopography LiDAR Portal",
      "description": "High-resolution elevation data and LiDAR datasets for topographic analysis",
      "url": "https://portal.opentopography.org/",
      "category": "Academic",
      "dataTypes": [
        "LiDAR",
        "DEM",
        "Elevation",
        "Topography",
        "Point Cloud",
        "3D Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global with high-resolution coverage in US",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "OpenWater",
      "description": "Open source water utility software platform",
      "url": "https://github.com/openwater",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Utility Management",
        "Open Source",
        "Water Operations",
        "Asset Management"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Water utility operations"
    },
    {
      "name": "OPERA Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWx-S1)",
      "description": "Near-global surface water mapping at 30m resolution using Sentinel-1 SAR data with 6-12 day revisit. Forward production since September 2024.",
      "url": "https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/OPERA_L3_DSWX-S1_V1",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water Extent",
        "Flood Mapping",
        "Wetland Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Near-global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "ORNL DAAC (Biogeochemical Dynamics)",
      "description": "NASA Oak Ridge National Laboratory DAAC archiving satellite-derived biogeochemical and ecological datasets including soil moisture, vegetation, land use, carbon flux, and watershed hydrology products",
      "url": "https://daac.ornl.gov/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Biogeochemistry",
        "Vegetation",
        "Soil Properties",
        "Carbon Flux",
        "Watershed Hydrology"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global biogeochemical and ecological satellite data"
    },
    {
      "name": "OSM Water Layer Global",
      "description": "OpenStreetMap water features",
      "url": "https://global-hydrodynamics.github.io/res_topography/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Vector Data",
        "Water Features",
        "Global Coverage"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global OSM water extraction",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "OSM Water Polygons",
      "description": "Coastline-derived water polygons",
      "url": "https://osmdata.openstreetmap.de/data/water-polygons.html",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Shapefiles",
        "Water Polygons",
        "Coastlines"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Oceans and seas polygons",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pacific Data Hub",
      "description": "Pacific Community's central open data repository containing datasets on water quality, SDG 6 indicators, WASH statistics, and water sector plans across Pacific Island nations",
      "url": "https://pacificdata.org/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality Data",
        "SDG 6 Indicators",
        "WASH Statistics",
        "Water Sector Plans"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "coverage": "22 Pacific Island countries and territories"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pacific Environment Data Portal (SPREP)",
      "description": "Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme's portal connecting 14 national environment portals with 281+ water-related datasets including water quality and environmental monitoring",
      "url": "https://pacific-data.sprep.org/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality Monitoring",
        "Water Temperature Data",
        "Environmental Assessments",
        "Geospatial Water Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "coverage": "14 Pacific Island nations"
    },
    {
      "name": "PAGASA Climate Data",
      "description": "Philippine weather and climate data including hydro-meteorological information",
      "url": "https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/climate/climate-data",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Data",
        "Rainfall",
        "Weather",
        "Flood Forecasting"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Philippines",
      "coverage": "Nationwide stations",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "PAGASA Hydromet",
      "description": "Hydrological and meteorological services",
      "url": "https://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Water Level",
        "Flood Warnings"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Philippines",
      "coverage": "Major river basins",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pakistan Meteorological Department - Climate Data Processing Centre",
      "description": "Computerized climate data center providing statistical models of temperature and rainfall variations over 60-80 years for major Pakistani cities with hydrological monitoring",
      "url": "https://cdpc.pmd.gov.pk/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Data",
        "Rainfall Records",
        "Temperature Records",
        "Hydrological Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "Pakistan",
      "coverage": "National climate monitoring network"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA)",
      "description": "National authority managing Pakistan's major dams and hydropower projects including Tarbela, Mangla, and Warsak dams with reservoir storage and hydroelectric generation data",
      "url": "https://wapda.gov.pk/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Dam Storage",
        "Reservoir Levels",
        "Hydropower Generation",
        "River Flows"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "Pakistan",
      "coverage": "National dam and hydropower infrastructure"
    },
    {
      "name": "Palabos",
      "description": "Lattice Boltzmann method library for fluid flow simulation",
      "url": "https://palabos.unige.ch/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lattice Boltzmann",
        "Fluid Simulation",
        "Parallel Computing",
        "Complex Geometries"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
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      "dataTypes": [
        "Geometric Operations",
        "Python Library",
        "Spatial Analysis",
        "Vector Geometry"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Geometric computations"
    },
    {
      "name": "SI Imaging Services (KOMPSAT Satellite Data)",
      "description": "Worldwide distributor of Korean KOMPSAT satellite series providing high-resolution optical (40cm) and SAR imagery for environmental monitoring, disaster response, and water resource mapping",
      "url": "https://www.si-imaging.com/",
      "category": "Company",
      "dataTypes": [
        "High-Resolution Imagery",
        "SAR Data",
        "Optical Imagery",
        "Disaster Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Paid",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, sub-meter optical and SAR"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sindh Irrigation Department - Water Information System",
      "description": "Real-time water monitoring system with hydrograph visualization of rivers and canals across Sindh, including barrage operations at Guddu, Sukkur, and Kotri",
      "url": "https://irrigation.sindh.gov.pk/Flows/WaterSituation",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Real-time River Flows",
        "Canal Discharges",
        "Barrage Operations",
        "Water Allocation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "Pakistan",
      "coverage": "Sindh province irrigation network"
    },
    {
      "name": "Singapore MySmartWaterMeter Portal",
      "description": "Near real-time water consumption monitoring with hourly, daily, and monthly intervals, leak detection alerts",
      "url": "https://www.pub.gov.sg/Public/KeyInitiatives/Smart-Water-Meter",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Consumption Data",
        "Leak Alerts",
        "Usage Patterns",
        "Water Saving Analytics"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Singapore",
      "coverage": "Singapore households with smart meters",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time"
    },
    {
      "name": "Singapore PUB Water Level Sensors Portal",
      "description": "Real-time water level monitoring system with 1,000+ sensors in drains and canals, integrated with flood forecasting",
      "url": "https://www.pub.gov.sg/Public/KeyInitiatives/Flood-Resilience/Flood-Forecasting-and-Monitoring",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Real-time Water Levels",
        "Flood Monitoring",
        "SMS Alerts",
        "CCTV Integration"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Singapore",
      "coverage": "Nationwide Singapore drain and canal network",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "SMAP",
      "description": "NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive mission real-time data",
      "url": "https://smap.jpl.nasa.gov/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Satellite Data",
        "Real-time Monitoring",
        "Agricultural Water"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global soil moisture every 2-3 days",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "SMAP Level 4 Global Soil Moisture v8",
      "description": "Updated NASA SMAP products at 9km resolution with improved calibration in Version 8 (2025). Provides surface and root-zone soil moisture, freeze-thaw state, and carbon net ecosystem exchange",
      "url": "https://nsidc.org/data/smap/data",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Root Zone Moisture",
        "Freeze-Thaw State",
        "Carbon Exchange"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global at 9-36km, Version 8 (2025)"
    },
    {
      "name": "SMAP Soil Moisture NASA",
      "description": "Soil Moisture Active Passive mission data",
      "url": "https://smap.jpl.nasa.gov/data/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Satellite Data",
        "L-band Radar",
        "Global Coverage",
        "High Accuracy"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 9km resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "SMHI Swedish Hydrology",
      "description": "Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute - national water resources monitoring and forecasting",
      "url": "https://www.smhi.se/en/research/research-departments/hydrology",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Discharge",
        "Flood Forecasting",
        "HYPE Model",
        "Water Quality",
        "Climate Impact"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Sweden",
      "coverage": "Sweden nationwide water resources",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "SMOS",
      "description": "ESA Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite mission",
      "url": "https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/SMOS",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Ocean Salinity",
        "Satellite Data",
        "Climate Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global coverage every 3 days",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "smwrBase",
      "description": "R package with base functions for water resources",
      "url": "https://rdrr.io/github/USGS-R/smwrBase/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "R Package",
        "Water Resources",
        "Statistical Functions",
        "USGS"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "coverage": "US water resources analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "SNIRH - Portugal Water Resources System",
      "description": "Portugal's national system for water resources information integrating data from over 1,500 monitoring stations covering surface water, groundwater, and coastal waters since 1995",
      "url": "https://snirh.apambiente.pt/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Water Quality",
        "Precipitation",
        "Reservoir Levels"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Portugal",
      "coverage": "National (mainland Portugal, Azores, Madeira)"
    },
    {
      "name": "SoilGrids Global Soil Information",
      "description": "ISRIC global gridded soil property maps at 250m resolution derived from satellite remote sensing, machine learning, and 230,000+ soil profiles providing soil organic carbon, water content, texture, and pH for hydrological modelling",
      "url": "https://soilgrids.org/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Properties",
        "Soil Moisture Capacity",
        "Soil Organic Carbon",
        "Soil Texture",
        "Hydrological Parameters"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, 250m resolution, 6 soil depths"
    },
    {
      "name": "SoilGrids ISRIC",
      "description": "Global digital soil mapping with 250m resolution soil properties",
      "url": "https://www.isric.org/explore/soilgrids",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Properties",
        "Texture",
        "Bulk Density",
        "Infiltration",
        "Global Soil Map"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 250m resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Solomon Islands Meteorological Services",
      "description": "WMO member providing weather, climate and ocean services with AWS and ARS stations for near real-time data ingestion to Climate Database System (CliDE)",
      "url": "https://met.gov.sb/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Weather Data",
        "Ocean Data",
        "Tidal Information",
        "Sea Level Data",
        "Rainfall",
        "Climate Bulletins"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Solomon Islands",
      "coverage": "Solomon Islands archipelago",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "South Africa RQIS",
      "description": "Water quality information",
      "url": "https://www.dws.gov.za/iwqs/report.aspx",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Groundwater",
        "Surface Water"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Africa",
      "country": "South Africa",
      "coverage": "37580+ samples",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "SPAM",
      "description": "Spatial Production Allocation Model for crop water use",
      "url": "https://www.mapspam.info/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Crop Production",
        "Agricultural Water",
        "Spatial Data",
        "Yield Maps"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global crop distribution",
      "lastUpdated": "2020"
    },
    {
      "name": "SpatiaLite",
      "description": "Spatial extension for SQLite database",
      "url": "https://www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Spatial Database",
        "SQLite Extension",
        "Lightweight GIS",
        "Embedded Database"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Embedded spatial applications"
    },
    {
      "name": "SPC Pacific Water (WASH)",
      "description": "Pacific Community's water, sanitation and hygiene portal providing water resources reports, water safety plans, demand management tools, and the Pacific Water Action Matrix for SDG tracking",
      "url": "https://www.pacificwater.org/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Resources Reports",
        "Water Safety Plans",
        "WASH Indicators",
        "Water Demand Management"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "coverage": "22 Pacific Island countries and territories"
    },
    {
      "name": "SRBC Continuous Instream Monitoring",
      "description": "Susquehanna River Basin real-time water quality",
      "url": "https://www.srbc.gov/continuous-instream-monitoring/",
      "category": "Regional",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Continuous Monitoring",
        "Real-time Data",
        "Early Warning System",
        "Water Supply Protection",
        "CIM Network"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "coverage": "Susquehanna River Basin",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sri Lanka Department of Meteorology",
      "description": "National meteorological services providing weather and climate related services including meteorology, aeronautical meteorology, ocean meteorology, hydro meteorology, agricultural meteorology, climatology",
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      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Weather Data",
        "Climate Data",
        "Hydro Meteorology",
        "Agricultural Meteorology",
        "Ocean Meteorology",
        "Rainfall Data",
        "Temperature",
        "Humidity"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Sri Lanka",
      "coverage": "Sri Lanka nationwide",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sri Lanka Irrigation Department Hydrology & Disaster Management",
      "description": "National hydro-meteorological information system with 42 permanent gauging stations, 66 peripheral stations, and 106 automated stations for water level and rainfall monitoring",
      "url": "https://www.irrigation.gov.lk/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=27&Itemid=128&lang=en",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Levels in Rivers/Streams",
        "Rainfall Measurements",
        "Wind Speed",
        "Humidity",
        "Temperature",
        "Evaporation Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Sri Lanka",
      "coverage": "Sri Lanka nationwide river systems",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sri Lanka Mahaweli Authority (MASL)",
      "description": "Water resources management for Mahaweli Development Programme managing irrigation water for 101,526 ha of irrigable land with Water Management Secretariat",
      "url": "https://mahaweli.gov.lk/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Irrigation Water Management",
        "Reservoir Operations",
        "Water Allocation Data",
        "Agricultural Water Use",
        "Project Management Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Sri Lanka",
      "coverage": "Mahaweli Project area and dry zone irrigation systems",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sri Lanka Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources Management",
      "description": "National ministry for water resources development and management with focus on sustainable water resources for multiple water users",
      "url": "http://www.irrigationmin.gov.lk/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Resources Planning",
        "Irrigation Development Data",
        "Domestic/Industrial Water Use",
        "Flood Management Data",
        "Policy Information"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Sri Lanka",
      "coverage": "Sri Lanka nationwide water resources",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sri Lanka Water Research Institute",
      "description": "Tropical island water systems",
      "url": "https://www.irrigation.gov.lk/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Monsoon Hydrology",
        "Ancient Irrigation",
        "Water Heritage"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Sri Lanka",
      "country": "Sri Lanka",
      "coverage": "Ancient irrigation systems data",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "SSURGO Portal",
      "description": "Advanced soil database management and analysis tools",
      "url": "https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/data-and-reports/ssurgo-portal",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Geospatial Data",
        "SQLite Databases",
        "Soil Ratings"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "United States",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "SSURGO Soil Survey Geographic Database",
      "description": "Detailed soil survey data for the United States",
      "url": "https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/data-and-reports/soil-survey-geographic-database-ssurgo",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Survey",
        "Hydraulic Conductivity",
        "Infiltration",
        "High Resolution",
        "County-level"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "United States detailed coverage",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "State Geological Survey Databases",
      "description": "State-level hydrogeology and well databases",
      "url": "https://www.stategeologists.org/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Geological Data",
        "Well Logs",
        "Aquifer Maps",
        "Hydrogeologic Reports",
        "Regional Studies"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
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      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "STATSGO State Soil Geographic Database",
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      "url": "https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/resources/data-and-reports/description-of-statsgo2-database",
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      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Associations",
        "State-level",
        "Generalized Soil Data",
        "Land Use Planning"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
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    },
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      "name": "SU2",
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        "CFD",
        "Design Optimization",
        "Aerodynamics",
        "Heat Transfer"
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      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Aerospace and engineering applications"
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      "name": "Surface Water Quality Dataset 1940-2023",
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      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Long-term Trends",
        "Machine Learning Ready"
      ],
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      "region": "Global",
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      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Surface Water Quality Modeling Training",
      "description": "EPA training resources for water quality modeling",
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      "dataTypes": [
        "Training Materials",
        "Modeling Guidance",
        "Educational Resources",
        "Technical Support",
        "Best Practices"
      ],
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      "region": "United States",
      "coverage": "Water quality modeling education",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
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      "name": "SUTRA Groundwater Flow Model",
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      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Variable Density Flow",
        "Solute Transport",
        "Energy Transport",
        "3D Modeling",
        "Saltwater Intrusion"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "2D/3D groundwater modeling",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "SWAP",
      "description": "Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant model for agricultural systems",
      "url": "https://www.swap.alterra.nl/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Water",
        "Plant Growth",
        "Agricultural Modeling",
        "Water Management"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Agricultural water management"
    },
    {
      "name": "SWAT",
      "description": "Soil and Water Assessment Tool for watershed-scale modeling",
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      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Watershed Modeling",
        "Agricultural Management",
        "Climate Impact",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Watersheds worldwide"
    },
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      "name": "SWAT Global Database",
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      "dataTypes": [
        "Global Soil Maps",
        "Land Use Data",
        "Weather Database",
        "Crop Parameters",
        "SWAT+ Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global SWAT modeling datasets",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
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      "name": "Switzerland Federal Water Institute",
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      "url": "https://www.bafu.admin.ch/bafu/en/home/topics/water.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Alpine Hydrology",
        "Glacier Research",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Switzerland",
      "country": "Switzerland",
      "coverage": "Alpine research network",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
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      "name": "SWMM",
      "description": "EPA Storm Water Management Model for urban drainage system modeling",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/water-research/storm-water-management-model-swmm",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Urban Drainage",
        "Stormwater",
        "Runoff Modeling",
        "Flood Analysis"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Urban watersheds and drainage systems",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "SWOT High-Resolution Water Mask Raster",
      "description": "High-resolution raster water masks from the SWOT KaRIn instrument providing surface water extent mapping at unprecedented resolution for rivers, lakes, and wetlands globally",
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      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water Extent",
        "Water Mask",
        "Water Surface Elevation",
        "Raster Maps"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global between 78°N/S latitude"
    },
    {
      "name": "SWOT Lake Water Surface Elevation",
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      "url": "https://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/dataset/SWOT_L2_HR_LakeSP_2.0",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lake Water Level",
        "Surface Area",
        "Storage Change",
        "Satellite Altimetry"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global lakes >6.25 ha, 21-day repeat",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tamil Nadu Ground and Surface Water Resources Data Centre",
      "description": "State-level groundwater and surface water monitoring portal by Tamil Nadu Public Works Department providing water level measurements and quality analysis for all 38 districts",
      "url": "https://www.groundwatertnpwd.org.in/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Surface Water Data",
        "Water Quality",
        "Well Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "State-level - all 38 districts in Tamil Nadu"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tamil Nadu Reservoir Storage Data",
      "description": "State reservoir flow and storage",
      "url": "https://tnagriculture.in/ARS/home/reservoir",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Reservoir Storage",
        "Flow Data",
        "Daily Updates",
        "Agricultural Water",
        "State Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Tamil Nadu",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Major Tamil Nadu reservoirs",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tanzania Water Institute",
      "description": "East African water research and training center under Ministry of Water",
      "url": "https://www.waterinstitute.ac.tz/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rift Valley Lakes",
        "Water Technology",
        "Rural Water"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Tanzania",
      "country": "Tanzania",
      "coverage": "Great Lakes region research",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "TauDEM",
      "description": "Terrain Analysis Using Digital Elevation Models",
      "url": "https://hydrology.usu.edu/taudem/taudem5/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Digital Elevation Models",
        "Watershed Delineation",
        "Stream Networks",
        "Terrain Analysis"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "DEM-based hydrological analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tennessee Valley Authority Water Resources",
      "description": "Southeast water management data",
      "url": "https://www.tva.com/environment/managing-the-river",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydroelectric",
        "Flood Control",
        "Water Quality",
        "Navigation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "USA",
      "country": "USA",
      "coverage": "Tennessee River system",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "TensorFlow",
      "description": "Open source machine learning platform for deep learning",
      "url": "https://www.tensorflow.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Deep Learning",
        "Neural Networks",
        "Machine Learning",
        "AI"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "AI and machine learning projects"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tethys Platform",
      "description": "Water resources web app development platform",
      "url": "https://www.tethysplatform.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Web Development",
        "Water Resources",
        "App Platform",
        "Django Framework"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Water resources web applications"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thailand Department of Water Resources (DWR) Main Portal",
      "description": "National water resources management in integrated watershed system approach with participation from all sectors",
      "url": "https://www.dwr.go.th/en/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Resources Management",
        "Watershed Data",
        "Integrated Water Management"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Thailand",
      "coverage": "Thailand nationwide watershed systems",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thailand DWR GIS Water Resources Management",
      "description": "Geographic information system for water resources management with spatial data and mapping",
      "url": "https://webgis.dwr.go.th/projects/water-resources-management",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "GIS Data",
        "Spatial Analysis",
        "Water Resources Mapping",
        "Geographic Information"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Thailand",
      "coverage": "Thailand geographical water resources information",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thailand DWR Telemetric Water Monitoring Systems",
      "description": "Automated remote water situation monitoring systems for different regional basins",
      "url": "https://tele-southwest.dwr.go.th/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Real-time Water Levels",
        "Telemetric Monitoring",
        "Regional Water Situation Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Thailand",
      "coverage": "Regional basin monitoring (Southwest, Songkram-Huai Luang, Kok-Upper Mekong, Nakhon Si)",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thailand Royal Irrigation Department Big Data Portal",
      "description": "Smart Water Operation Center (SWOC) with data warehouse, monitoring, forecasting for water management including floods, droughts, crop planning, water allocation",
      "url": "https://bigdata-swoc.rid.go.th/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Disaster Management",
        "Flood/Drought Forecasting",
        "Reservoir Inflow",
        "Crop Cultivation Planning",
        "Water Resources Allocation",
        "Irrigation Projects",
        "Domestic Water Use",
        "Flood/Drought Risk Mapping"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "Thailand",
      "coverage": "Thailand's 7 major river systems and irrigation projects nationwide",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "ThaiWater - National Hydroinformatics Data Center",
      "description": "Thailand's national water and climate data center integrating real-time data from 50+ government agencies with rainfall, water levels, dam storage, and flood/drought forecasts",
      "url": "https://www.thaiwater.net/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Real-time Rainfall",
        "Water Levels",
        "Dam Storage",
        "Flood Forecasting",
        "Drought Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "country": "Thailand",
      "coverage": "National - data from 50+ agencies"
    },
    {
      "name": "Theia Land Data Centre - Water Products",
      "description": "French national data infrastructure (CNES/CNRS) providing satellite-derived land surface products for water resources including surface water extent, soil moisture, snow cover, and drought monitoring from Sentinel and Landsat",
      "url": "https://www.theia-land.fr/en/water/",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water Extent",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Snow Cover",
        "Drought Indicators",
        "Land Cover"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "France (high-res) and global products"
    },
    {
      "name": "ThingSpeak",
      "description": "IoT analytics service for collecting and analyzing data",
      "url": "https://thingspeak.com/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "IoT Analytics",
        "Data Collection",
        "Cloud Platform",
        "MATLAB Integration"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "IoT sensor networks"
    },
    {
      "name": "ThingSpeak IoT Analytics",
      "description": "IoT data visualization and analytics",
      "url": "https://thingspeak.mathworks.com/",
      "category": "Company",
      "dataTypes": [
        "IoT Data",
        "Real-time Visualization",
        "Cloud Analytics",
        "API Access"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "IoT data aggregation platform",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "TOPMODEL",
      "description": "Topography-based hydrological model",
      "url": "https://csdms.colorado.edu/wiki/Model:TOPMODEL",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Topographic Modeling",
        "Catchment Hydrology",
        "Saturation Zones",
        "Baseflow"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Small to medium catchments"
    },
    {
      "name": "Transboundary Aquifer Database",
      "description": "UNESCO-IHP transboundary aquifer assessment programme",
      "url": "https://www.un-igrac.org/areas-expertise/transboundary-groundwaters",
      "category": "UN Organization",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Transboundary Aquifers",
        "International Cooperation",
        "Aquifer Maps",
        "Governance"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "592 transboundary aquifers",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "TRMM Archive",
      "description": "NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission historical precipitation data",
      "url": "https://gpm.nasa.gov/missions/trmm",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Satellite Precipitation",
        "Tropical Rainfall",
        "Historical Data",
        "Climate Analysis"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Tropical regions worldwide",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Turf.js",
      "description": "Geospatial analysis library for JavaScript applications",
      "url": "https://turfjs.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Geospatial Analysis",
        "JavaScript Library",
        "Web Development",
        "Spatial Operations"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Web-based geospatial analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "Turkey DSI State Hydraulic Works",
      "description": "State Hydraulic Works - official water resources authority",
      "url": "https://www.dsi.gov.tr/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrology",
        "Water Resources",
        "Dam Operations",
        "Irrigation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Europe/Asia",
      "country": "Turkey",
      "coverage": "285 hydrometric stations nationwide",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "UK Defra Hydrology API",
      "description": "Historic and real-time hydrology data",
      "url": "https://environment.data.gov.uk/hydrology/doc/reference",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "API Access",
        "JSON",
        "CSV",
        "REST API",
        "15-minute resolution"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United Kingdom",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "coverage": "8000+ monitoring stations",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "UK Environment Agency",
      "description": "England water resources and environmental data",
      "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/environment-agency",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Resources",
        "Flood Data",
        "Water Quality",
        "River Levels",
        "Environmental Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "coverage": "England water and environment",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "UK Environment Agency Flood API",
      "description": "Real-time flood monitoring system",
      "url": "https://environment.data.gov.uk/flood-monitoring/doc/reference",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Real-time Data",
        "API Access",
        "Flood Monitoring",
        "15-minute readings"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United Kingdom",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "coverage": "UK flood monitoring stations",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "UK Floods and Droughts Research Infrastructure (FDRI)",
      "description": "First UK-wide monitoring network for extreme weather impacts on water resources with real-time sensors. Backed by £40 million from NERC.",
      "url": "https://fdri.org.uk/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Rainfall",
        "River Flow",
        "Flood Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "coverage": "National",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "UK Water Framework Database",
      "description": "UK water bodies data",
      "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/wise-wfd-4",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water",
        "Groundwater",
        "Ecological Status"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United Kingdom",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "coverage": "All UK water bodies",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ukraine Water Resources Institute",
      "description": "Eastern European water research",
      "url": "https://www.uhmi.org.ua/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Continental Hydrology",
        "River Systems",
        "Water Resources"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Ukraine",
      "country": "Ukraine",
      "coverage": "Dnieper river basin research",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "UN-Water SDG 6 Data Portal",
      "description": "Flagship UN-Water portal with data on all SDG 6 global indicators including drinking water, sanitation, water quality, water-use efficiency, and water resources management with API access",
      "url": "https://www.sdg6data.org/en",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drinking Water Access",
        "Sanitation Coverage",
        "Water Quality",
        "Water-Use Efficiency",
        "Water Stress"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global (country-level, all SDG 6 indicators)"
    },
    {
      "name": "UNDRR GAR 2025 Flood Data",
      "description": "Global flood hazard statistics from UN Disaster Risk Reduction",
      "url": "https://www.undrr.org/gar/gar2025/hazard-exploration/floods",
      "category": "UN Organization",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Risk",
        "Hazard Data",
        "Statistics"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global flood hazard",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "UNEP Freshwater Ecosystems Explorer",
      "description": "Free UNEP platform developed with Google and EU JRC providing high-resolution geospatial data on freshwater ecosystem changes tracking surface waters, reservoirs, wetlands, and water quality for SDG 6.6.1",
      "url": "https://www.sdg661.app/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water Extent",
        "Reservoir Extent",
        "Wetland Extent",
        "Water Quality",
        "Turbidity"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global (30m resolution)"
    },
    {
      "name": "UNESCO Water Sciences Database",
      "description": "International water research repository",
      "url": "https://en.unesco.org/themes/water-security/hydrology",
      "category": "UN Organization",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Security",
        "Hydrology Education",
        "Global Assessment"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "UNESCO water programs data",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "UNOSAT Flood Portal",
      "description": "UN satellite-derived flood maps in GIS vector format from disaster events worldwide using RADARSAT, Sentinel-1, SPOT, TerraSAR-X, and ALOS PALSAR imagery, downloadable as Shapefile, KML, GeoJSON, and GeoTIFF",
      "url": "https://unosat.org/products/",
      "category": "UN Organization",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Mapping",
        "Disaster Response",
        "Satellite Imagery",
        "GIS Vector Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global disaster events"
    },
    {
      "name": "UnTRIM",
      "description": "Unstructured grid model for coastal and estuarine waters",
      "url": "https://wiki.baw.de/en/index.php/Mathematical_Model_UNTRIM",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Unstructured Grid",
        "Coastal Modeling",
        "Hydrodynamics",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Coastal and estuarine environments"
    },
    {
      "name": "US Drought Monitor (USDM)",
      "description": "Weekly drought maps with 5-level classification (D0-D4)",
      "url": "https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drought Monitoring",
        "Precipitation Analysis",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Temperature"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Continental United States",
      "lastUpdated": "Weekly",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "US Groundwater Well Database",
      "description": "Comprehensive database of groundwater well records",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-024-03186-3",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Well Locations",
        "Aquifer Data",
        "Well Depth",
        "Screen Data",
        "Hydrogeology"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "coverage": "13.5M+ well records",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "US Water Quality Portal (WQP)",
      "description": "National integrated water quality database",
      "url": "https://www.waterqualitydata.us/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Biological Data",
        "Physical Parameters"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "430M+ water result records",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "USACE HEC Data Storage System",
      "description": "Corps water control data and historical flow records",
      "url": "https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-dss/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flow Records",
        "Reservoir Data",
        "Boundary Conditions",
        "Time Series",
        "Water Control"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Corps projects and studies",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "USACE National Inventory of Dams (NID)",
      "description": "Official US Army Corps of Engineers database of all known dams in the United States with over 70 data fields including location, size, purpose, inspection history, and flood inundation mapping",
      "url": "https://nid.sec.usace.army.mil/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Dam Inventory",
        "Flood Inundation Maps",
        "Dam Safety",
        "Water Infrastructure"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "National (90,000+ dams)"
    },
    {
      "name": "USACE National Levee Database (NLD)",
      "description": "Comprehensive database of over 7,000 levee systems covering 24,000+ miles of levees with condition data, flood risk information, and inspection records",
      "url": "https://levees.sec.usace.army.mil/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Levee Systems",
        "Flood Risk",
        "Infrastructure Condition",
        "Inspection Records"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "National (7,000+ levee systems)"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA Climate Hubs SWAT Tools",
      "description": "SWAT applications for climate change assessment",
      "url": "https://www.climatehubs.usda.gov/hubs/international/tools/soil-and-water-assessment-tool",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Impact",
        "Agricultural Adaptation",
        "Watershed Management",
        "SWAT Applications",
        "Decision Support"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Climate-agriculture interface",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA Crop Frequency Layer",
      "description": "Crop-specific planting frequency analysis",
      "url": "https://www.nass.usda.gov/Research_and_Science/Cropland/metadata/meta.php",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Crop Frequency",
        "Planting Patterns",
        "Corn",
        "Soybeans",
        "Wheat",
        "Cotton"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Major crop frequency mapping",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA Geospatial Data Gateway",
      "description": "USDA NRCS one-stop portal providing over 100 high-resolution geospatial data layers including soil surveys, hydrography, watershed boundaries, and precipitation data updated weekly",
      "url": "https://datagateway.nrcs.usda.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Survey",
        "Hydrography",
        "Hydrologic Units",
        "Watershed Boundaries",
        "Precipitation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "National (100+ data layers)"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA NASS CropScape CDL",
      "description": "Cropland Data Layer for agricultural land use mapping",
      "url": "https://croplandcros.scinet.usda.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Cropland Mapping",
        "30m Resolution",
        "Annual Crops",
        "Land Use Classification",
        "Agricultural Census"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Continental US annual cropland",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA NASS Quick Stats",
      "description": "Comprehensive agricultural statistics database",
      "url": "https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Agricultural Statistics",
        "Crop Yields",
        "Livestock Data",
        "Farm Economics",
        "County Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Complete US agricultural statistics",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey",
      "description": "Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO) with detailed soil properties and interpretations",
      "url": "https://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Properties",
        "Soil Classification",
        "Productivity Values",
        "GIS Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Continental United States",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA PLANTS Database",
      "description": "Plant characteristics and agricultural parameters",
      "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Plant Characteristics",
        "Growth Parameters",
        "Agricultural Traits",
        "Crop Properties",
        "Native Plants"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Comprehensive plant database",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS 3D Hydrography Program",
      "description": "NHD replacement shapefile downloads",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/national-hydrography/access-national-hydrography-products",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Shapefiles",
        "Vector Data",
        "Rivers",
        "Lakes",
        "Watersheds"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "NHDPlus HR National Release 2",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS 3DEP LiDAR",
      "description": "3D Elevation Program high-resolution elevation data",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/3d-elevation-program",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "LiDAR",
        "High-res DEM",
        "1m Resolution",
        "Point Cloud",
        "3D Elevation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "United States expanding coverage",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS EarthExplorer",
      "description": "USGS portal for searching, browsing, and downloading Landsat, Sentinel-2, MODIS, and 100+ other satellite datasets for water and environmental monitoring",
      "url": "https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Satellite Imagery",
        "Landsat",
        "Sentinel-2",
        "MODIS",
        "Aerial Photography",
        "Data Search"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global multi-mission satellite archive (1972-present)"
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS Flood Information",
      "description": "Real-time flood monitoring and streamflow data from 8,700+ sites",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/usgs-flood-information",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Data",
        "Real-time Data",
        "Streamflow",
        "Water Levels",
        "Flood Warnings",
        "Emergency Response"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "8,700+ monitoring sites nationwide",
      "lastUpdated": "Real-time",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS Groundwater Best Available Time Series",
      "description": "Best Available Time Series for groundwater levels, displaying groundwater-level trends in the National Groundwater Monitoring Network Data Portal.",
      "url": "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/blog/gw_bats/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Monitoring Wells",
        "Trends"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "National",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS Groundwater Data for the Nation",
      "description": "Real-time and historical groundwater level data",
      "url": "https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/gw",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Well Data",
        "Water Table",
        "Aquifer Monitoring",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "800,000+ wells monitored",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS Instantaneous Values API",
      "description": "Real-time streamgage sensor data",
      "url": "https://api.waterdata.usgs.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Real-time Data",
        "API Access",
        "Streamflow",
        "15-minute intervals"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "10,000+ monitoring stations",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS Long-term Water Quality Trends",
      "description": "WRTDS trend analysis dataset",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/data/long-term-water-quality-trends-rivers-and-streams-within-contiguous-united-states-using",
      "category": "Government",
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        "Time Series",
        "Trend Analysis",
        "WRTDS",
        "Historical Data",
        "Water Quality"
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      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
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    },
    {
      "name": "USGS LP DAAC (Land Processes DAAC)",
      "description": "NASA Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center hosting MODIS, VIIRS, ASTER, ECOSTRESS, and EMIT satellite land surface products",
      "url": "https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Land Surface Temperature",
        "Vegetation Indices",
        "Surface Reflectance",
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Satellite Imagery"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global land surface products from multiple NASA missions"
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS MODFLOW and Related Programs",
      "description": "Official MODFLOW software and supporting datasets",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/software/modflow-6-usgs-modular-hydrologic-model",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Models",
        "Software",
        "Model Files",
        "Calibration Data",
        "Documentation"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "International groundwater modeling standard",
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    },
    {
      "name": "USGS National Map Data Downloads",
      "description": "Hydrography shapefiles and DEMs",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/the-national-map-data-delivery/gis-data-download",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Shapefiles",
        "Rasters",
        "National Hydrography Dataset"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Vector and raster water datasets",
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      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS National Water Quality Network",
      "description": "Long-term water quality monitoring",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/usgs-national-water-quality-network",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water",
        "Groundwater",
        "Continuous Monitoring"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "102 surface + 258 groundwater sites",
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    },
    {
      "name": "USGS Peak Flow Database",
      "description": "Annual peak streamflow data for flood frequency analysis",
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        "Annual Maxima",
        "Return Periods",
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
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    {
      "name": "USGS Publications Warehouse",
      "description": "US geological survey research repository",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/",
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        "Geological Research",
        "Water Resources",
        "Scientific Reports"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
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    {
      "name": "USGS Real-Time Water Quality",
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        "pH",
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      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
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      "region": "United States",
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      "name": "USGS SSEBop Global Evapotranspiration",
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        "Drought Monitoring"
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        "Regression Equations",
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      "country": "United States",
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      "region": "United States",
      "country": "United States",
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      "region": "United States",
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      "name": "USGS Water Use Data",
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
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      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "County and state estimates",
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    {
      "name": "Uttar Pradesh Jal Shakti Portal",
      "description": "UP comprehensive water resources data",
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      "region": "India",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "75 districts water resources",
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      "popular": true
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      "name": "Water Office Canada",
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      "name": "World Bank Water Data Portal",
      "description": "Global water resources and infrastructure data",
      "url": "https://wbwaterdata.org/",
      "category": "International",
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        "Water Resources",
        "Infrastructure",
        "Economic Indicators",
        "Time Series",
        "Statistical Data",
        "Policy Indicators"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "200+ countries",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "WorldClim CMIP6 Future Climate",
      "description": "High-resolution bioclimatic variables from CMIP6",
      "url": "https://www.worldclim.org/data/cmip6/cmip6climate.html",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Bioclimatic Variables",
        "Monthly Climate",
        "30-arcsec Resolution",
        "23 GCMs",
        "Four SSPs"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global high-resolution climate data",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "WRC South Africa",
      "description": "Water Research Commission knowledge hub",
      "url": "https://www.wrc.org.za/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Research Data",
        "Water Innovation",
        "Policy Studies",
        "Technical Reports"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "South Africa",
      "coverage": "Southern Africa region",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "WRF-Hydro",
      "description": "Weather Research and Forecasting hydrological modeling extension",
      "url": "https://ral.ucar.edu/projects/wrf_hydro",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Weather Forecasting",
        "Hydrological Modeling",
        "Flood Prediction",
        "Climate"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Continental to local scales"
    },
    {
      "name": "WRI Aqueduct 4.0",
      "description": "Water risk mapping platform",
      "url": "https://www.wri.org/applications/aqueduct/water-risk-atlas/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Risk",
        "Flood Risk",
        "Drought Risk"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global coverage",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wyvern Hyperspectral Open Data",
      "description": "Free 5.3m resolution hyperspectral satellite imagery from the Dragonette constellation under CC BY 4.0 license covering forests, agriculture, coastal areas, mines, and wildfire events via STAC catalog",
      "url": "https://wyvern.space/open-data/",
      "category": "Company",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hyperspectral Imagery",
        "Visible/NIR/SWIR Bands",
        "Water Quality Remote Sensing",
        "STAC Catalog"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Selected global sites, 5.3m hyperspectral"
    },
    {
      "name": "XGBoost",
      "description": "Gradient boosting framework for water prediction models",
      "url": "https://xgboost.ai/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Machine Learning",
        "Gradient Boosting",
        "Predictive Modeling",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Predictive analytics applications"
    },
    {
      "name": "Yellow River Conservancy Commission",
      "description": "Yellow River basin monitoring",
      "url": "http://www.yrcc.gov.cn/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sediment Data",
        "Water Allocation",
        "Drought Monitoring",
        "Ecology"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "China",
      "country": "China",
      "coverage": "Yellow River basin",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zabbix",
      "description": "Network monitoring software applicable to water system monitoring",
      "url": "https://www.zabbix.com/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Network Monitoring",
        "Infrastructure Monitoring",
        "Alerting",
        "Performance Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "IT and infrastructure monitoring"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zimbabwe Water Research Institute",
      "description": "Southern African water studies",
      "url": "https://www.zinwa.co.zw/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Semi-arid Hydrology",
        "Dam Management",
        "Water Conservation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Zimbabwe",
      "country": "Zimbabwe",
      "coverage": "Southern African research",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "A comprehensive time-series dataset linked to cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu",
      "description": "26 variables across water quality, bio-optics, climate, and anthropogenic data for Lake Taihu, China over 15+ years, characterizing cyanobacterial bloom dynamics.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04224-w",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Lakes & Reservoirs"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "coverage": "China",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "A continental-scale soil evaporation dataset from SMAP satellite drying rates",
      "description": "E-SMAP soil evaporation estimates for the conterminous U.S. at 9 km resolution (2015–2019) derived from SMAP satellite-observed soil drying rates.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00748-z",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Remote Sensing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "coverage": "North America",
      "lastUpdated": "2020"
    },
    {
      "name": "A database of chlorophyll and water chemistry in freshwater lakes",
      "description": "Synthesized database of chlorophyll-a and water chemistry for 11,959 freshwater lakes across 72 countries, compiled from 3,322 published manuscripts and online repositories.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00648-2",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lakes & Reservoirs"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2020"
    },
    {
      "name": "A database of groundwater wells in the United States",
      "description": "A comprehensive database of over 14 million groundwater wells across the United States, including well depth, location, and construction details compiled from state-level records.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03186-3",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "coverage": "United States",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "A dataset of distributed global population and water withdrawal from 1960 to 2020",
      "description": "Global population density and water withdrawal intensity distributed to administrative units from 1960–2020 for assessing long-term trends in human water use.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01760-1",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2022"
    },
    {
      "name": "A dataset of remote-sensed Forel-Ule Index for global inland waters during 2000–2018",
      "description": "First global time-series dataset of Forel-Ule Index (water color) for large inland water bodies (2000–2018) derived from MODIS, providing an indicator of water colour variability and quality change.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00807-z",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Remote Sensing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2021"
    },
    {
      "name": "A dataset of storm surge reconstructions in the Western North Pacific using CNN",
      "description": "CNN reconstruction of maximum daily storm surge at 160 tide gauges from 1900–2010 in the Western North Pacific for century-scale coastal flood hazard assessment.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03249-5",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "A dataset of trophic state index for nation-scale lakes in China from 40-year Landsat observations",
      "description": "Annual trophic state index for 2,693 Chinese lakes (1984–2023) from Landsat, revealing that 32% of lakes are eutrophic.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03506-7",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Remote Sensing",
        "Lakes & Reservoirs"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "coverage": "China",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "A global daily gap-filled chlorophyll-a dataset in open oceans during 2001–2021",
      "description": "Global daily gap-filled chlorophyll-a dataset for open oceans (2001–2021) reconstructed using a convolutional neural network integrating SST, salinity, and satellite observations.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5281-2023",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Remote Sensing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "A global dataset of average specific yield for soils",
      "description": "Global gridded average specific yield dataset for various soil textures developed from three global soil databases, validated against laboratory and field measurements for groundwater modeling.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04742-1",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "A global dataset of surface water and groundwater salinity measurements (1980–2019)",
      "description": "First global compilation of salinity observations for both surface water and groundwater, covering over 16,000 stations and 7.1 million measurements from 1980 to 2019.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0562-z",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2020"
    },
    {
      "name": "A global dataset of the national green and blue water footprint of livestock feeds",
      "description": "Green and blue water footprint of 140 animal feed products across 262 countries, for assessing water sustainability in global livestock production.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04264-2",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "A global dataset of the shape of drainage systems (Basin90m)",
      "description": "Basin90m provides high-resolution (90m) global drainage basin delineations and morphometric attributes, enabling detailed analysis of basin shape and river network topology.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1151-2024",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Catchment Data",
        "River Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "A global long-term daily reanalysis of reference evapotranspiration for drought monitoring",
      "description": "NOAA global reference evapotranspiration reanalysis using FAO Penman-Monteith forced by MERRA-2, daily from 1980 to near-present at 0.5° for drought and food security monitoring.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02648-4",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Drought Indices"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "A global multi-catchment synthesis for water fluxes and storage changes",
      "description": "A global synthesis dataset of water balance components including precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, and storage changes across thousands of catchments for hydrological model evaluation.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04203-1",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Water Storage",
        "Catchment Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "A global streamflow indices time series dataset for large-sample hydrological analyses (until 2022)",
      "description": "79 streamflow indices covering seven major flow regime components, calculated from quality-controlled daily streamflow records spanning 1806–2022 with average 36-year length.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4463-2023",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Cryosphere"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "A Landsat-derived annual inland water clarity dataset of China between 1984 and 2018",
      "description": "Long-term annual inland water clarity dataset for China (1984–2018) from Landsat, providing Secchi disk depth measurements for Chinese lakes with multi-decade coverage.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-79-2022",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Remote Sensing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "coverage": "China",
      "lastUpdated": "2022"
    },
    {
      "name": "A new dataset of river flood hazard maps for Europe and the Mediterranean Basin",
      "description": "High-resolution (100 m) river flood hazard maps covering 329,000 km of European and Mediterranean rivers for six return periods, using LISFLOOD-FP 2D hydrodynamic modeling.",
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      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
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      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "Europe & Mediterranean",
      "lastUpdated": "2022"
    },
    {
      "name": "Africa Groundwater Atlas (BGS)",
      "description": "British Geological Survey's comprehensive atlas covering groundwater resources of 51 African countries with downloadable GIS hydrogeology maps and a searchable archive of nearly 7,000 references",
      "url": "https://africangroundwateratlas.org/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater",
        "Hydrogeology Maps",
        "Aquifer Data",
        "GIS Shapefiles"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "coverage": "Continental (51 African countries)"
    },
    {
      "name": "African Flood and Drought Monitor (AFDM)",
      "description": "Near-real-time hydrological monitoring system for Africa running 5km resolution models combining satellite and ground data for daily flood/drought conditions, 7-day flood forecasts, and 6-month drought outlooks",
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      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Monitoring",
        "Drought Indicators",
        "Streamflow Estimates",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "7-Day Flood Forecasts"
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      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "coverage": "Continental Africa, 5km resolution, daily updates"
    },
    {
      "name": "An enhanced rainfall-induced landslide catalogue in Italy (e-ITALICA)",
      "description": "6,312 rainfall-induced landslides in Italy (1996–2021) with spatial/temporal information and rainfall triggering conditions including duration and cumulative event rainfall.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04551-6",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Annual mass change of the world's glaciers from 1976 to 2024",
      "description": "Global annual glacier mass change from 1976–2024 combining satellite geodetic data with in-situ observations, documenting 9,179 Gt total loss (25.3 mm sea level rise).",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1977-2025",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Cryosphere",
        "Climate Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "CAMELS-H — A large-sample hourly hydrometeorological dataset for CONUS watersheds",
      "description": "First large-sample hourly hydrometeorological dataset for 9,008 US catchments (1980–2024) with 11 meteorological variables, 9 climate indices, and comprehensive watershed attributes.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05612-6",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Catchment Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "coverage": "North America",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Caravan — A global community dataset for large-sample hydrology",
      "description": "An open community dataset providing meteorological forcing, streamflow, and catchment attributes for thousands of catchments worldwide, designed for large-sample hydrological modeling.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-01975-w",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Catchment Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services",
      "description": "Environmental data and GIS",
      "url": "http://www.cegisbd.com/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Land Use",
        "Water Resources",
        "Environmental Monitoring",
        "GIS Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Research",
      "region": "Bangladesh",
      "country": "Bangladesh",
      "coverage": "Environmental information systems",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "CHELSA High-Resolution Climate Data",
      "description": "Global 1km resolution climate dataset providing monthly temperature, precipitation, drought indices, and CMIP6 future projections in GeoTIFF format covering 1981-present",
      "url": "https://chelsa-climate.org/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Temperature",
        "Drought Indices",
        "Climate Projections",
        "Evapotranspiration"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global land surface (1km resolution)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chlorophyll a in lakes and streams of the United States (2005–2022)",
      "description": "Largest compilation of harmonized chlorophyll-a data for U.S. waters — over 1,374,000 measurements from 84,000 sites (2005–2022), supporting harmful algal bloom prediction.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03453-3",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Lakes & Reservoirs"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "City level water withdrawal and scarcity accounts of China",
      "description": "Water withdrawal data for 63 sectors across all 343 prefectural cities in China, enabling city-level water scarcity assessment and sustainable water management.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03115-4",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "coverage": "China",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "DAHITI Satellite Altimetry Water Levels",
      "description": "Multi-mission satellite altimetry water level time series for lakes, reservoirs, rivers, and wetlands using cross-calibrated data from Envisat, Jason, Sentinel-3/6, SWOT, and ICESat-2",
      "url": "https://dahiti.dgfi.tum.de/en/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level Time Series",
        "Satellite Altimetry",
        "Lake Storage",
        "River Discharge"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global lakes, reservoirs, rivers, wetlands"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dataset of stable isotopes of precipitation in the Eurasian continent",
      "description": "Stable isotopes (oxygen-18, deuterium) in precipitation from 842 sampling points across Eurasia since 1961, totaling 51,753 records revealing isotopic variation trends associated with global warming.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1543-2024",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Water Storage",
        "Isotope Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "DeepExtremeCubes — Earth system data for assessing compound heatwave and drought impacts",
      "description": "Over 40,000 globally sampled minicubes with Sentinel-2, ERA5-Land, and extreme event data (2016–2022) for ML assessment of compound heatwave and drought ecosystem impacts.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04447-5",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drought Indices",
        "Machine Learning"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Development of Groundwater Levels Dataset for Chile since 1970",
      "description": "A quality-controlled dataset of groundwater level measurements from over 1,400 monitoring wells across Chile from 1970 to present, spanning diverse climatic and hydrogeological settings.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02895-5",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South America",
      "coverage": "Chile",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Dheed — ERA5 based global database of compound dry and hot extreme events (1950–2023)",
      "description": "Global database of large-scale compound dry and hot extreme events from ERA5 reanalysis (1950–2023), using drought indicators and temperature exceedance thresholds.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6621-2025",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drought Indices",
        "Climate Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Drought Atlas of India, 1901–2020",
      "description": "High-resolution (5 km) drought atlas covering 120 years (1901–2020) across India, providing historical drought insights for climate adaptation and water planning.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02856-y",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drought Indices",
        "Climate Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "coverage": "India",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "DynQual Global Surface Water Quality Model",
      "description": "Modeled global water quality at ~10km resolution (monthly, 1980-2019) including water temperature, total dissolved solids, BOD, and fecal coliform.",
      "url": "https://gee-community-catalog.org/projects/dynqual/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Temperature",
        "Total Dissolved Solids",
        "BOD",
        "Fecal Coliform"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, ~10km resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "Ecoregional distributions of the world's freshwater vertebrate species",
      "description": "FreshVerts v1.0 — ecoregional distributions for 23,130 freshwater vertebrate species (fish, birds, amphibians, reptiles, mammals) with 96,129 population records for biodiversity assessment.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05622-4",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "ERA5 Climate Reanalysis",
      "description": "Hourly precipitation from 1940 to present at 0.25 degree resolution",
      "url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate",
        "Precipitation",
        "Reanalysis",
        "Hourly Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, 1940-present",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "ERA5-Drought — global drought indices based on ECMWF reanalysis",
      "description": "A comprehensive set of global drought indices (SPI, SPEI, SSMI) computed from ERA5 reanalysis data, providing consistent multi-indicator drought monitoring from 1950 onward.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04896-y",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drought Indices",
        "Cryosphere",
        "Climate Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "EStreams — An integrated dataset of streamflow, hydro-climatic and landscape variables for Europe",
      "description": "Hydro-climatic variables and landscape descriptors for 17,130 European catchments spanning up to 120 years, including streamflow indices, climate signatures, and catchment attributes.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03706-1",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Catchment Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "Europe & Mediterranean",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "European Drought Observatory (EDO)",
      "description": "European drought monitoring system from Copernicus",
      "url": "https://www.copernicus.eu/en/news/news/observer-how-eu-space-programme-helps-us-monitor-drought-around-world",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drought",
        "Monitoring",
        "Early Warning",
        "Europe"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "European coverage",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "EWG Tap Water Database (2025 Edition)",
      "description": "Water quality data from nearly 50,000 U.S. water systems identifying 324 contaminants including PFAS. Updated February 2025.",
      "url": "https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drinking Water Quality",
        "Contaminants",
        "PFAS"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "50,000 water systems",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Fanack Water MENA Portal",
      "description": "Comprehensive peer-reviewed knowledge portal covering water resources across 21 MENA countries with country-specific data on surface water, groundwater, water quality, and water conflicts",
      "url": "https://water.fanack.com/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water",
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Quality",
        "Wastewater",
        "Country Water Profiles"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Middle East",
      "coverage": "21 MENA countries"
    },
    {
      "name": "FFEM-DB — A large-scale dataset of flood fatalities in the Euro-Mediterranean region",
      "description": "Database of 2,875 flood fatalities from 12 Euro-Mediterranean territories (1980–2020), with detailed victim profiles including demographics and situational circumstances.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01273-x",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "Europe",
      "lastUpdated": "2022"
    },
    {
      "name": "First global multi-timescale daily SPEI dataset (1982–2021)",
      "description": "The first daily Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index dataset at multiple timescales (1–48 months) and 0.25° global resolution from 1982 to 2021.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03047-z",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Drought Indices"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "FLODIS — Human displacements, fatalities, and economic damages linked to remotely observed floods",
      "description": "Flood-induced human displacements, fatalities, and economic damages linked to satellite-observed flood footprints from the Global Flood Database for 2000–2018.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02376-9",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Remote Sensing",
        "Water Infrastructure",
        "Flood Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "FutureStreams — A global dataset of future streamflow and water temperature",
      "description": "Global projections of future streamflow and water temperature at ~10 km resolution using PCR-GLOBWB forced with five GCMs under multiple climate scenarios up to 2099.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01410-6",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Temperature",
        "Streamflow",
        "Climate Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2022"
    },
    {
      "name": "GDIS — A global dataset of geocoded disaster locations",
      "description": "Spatial information on 39,953 locations for 9,924 natural disasters worldwide (1960–2018) including floods, storms, and droughts, geocoded as GIS polygons.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00846-6",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2021"
    },
    {
      "name": "GEE Community Catalog",
      "description": "Community-curated catalog of 300+ open satellite and geospatial datasets available in Google Earth Engine including water, climate, soil, elevation, and environmental monitoring products not in the official GEE catalog",
      "url": "https://gee-community-catalog.org/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Satellite Data Catalog",
        "Water Datasets",
        "Climate Data",
        "Soil Data",
        "Environmental Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "300+ curated satellite datasets for Google Earth Engine"
    },
    {
      "name": "GLAD Global Surface Water Dynamics",
      "description": "University of Maryland Global Land Analysis and Discovery lab dataset mapping global inland surface water dynamics from Landsat satellite imagery with monthly and annual water occurrence, extent, and seasonality",
      "url": "https://glad.umd.edu/dataset/global-surface-water-dynamics",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water Dynamics",
        "Water Occurrence",
        "Water Seasonality",
        "Landsat Derived",
        "Change Detection"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global inland waters, Landsat-derived"
    },
    {
      "name": "GlaThiDa v3 — Worldwide database of glacier thickness observations",
      "description": "Over 3.85 million glacier thickness measurements across ~3,000 glaciers worldwide covering 14% of global glacier area, compiled from radar, seismic, and borehole surveys.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-3039-2020",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Cryosphere"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2020"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global annual wetland dataset at 30 m with fine classification from 2000 to 2022",
      "description": "Annual global 30 m wetland maps from 2000–2022 with eight subcategories (permanent water, swamp, marsh, mangrove, tidal flat) derived from Landsat on Google Earth Engine.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03143-0",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Remote Sensing",
        "Wetlands"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Aridity Index and Potential Evapotranspiration Database v3",
      "description": "Version 3 of the Global Aridity Index providing high-resolution (30 arc-seconds) global maps of aridity index and reference evapotranspiration based on the Penman-Monteith method.",
      "url": "https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Global_Aridity_Index_and_Potential_Evapotranspiration_ET0_Climate_Database_v2/7504448",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Evapotranspiration"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2022"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global daily evapotranspiration deficit index for drought severity (1979–2022)",
      "description": "A daily global dataset of evapotranspiration deficit index from 1979 to 2022, providing a physically-based drought severity indicator at 0.25° resolution.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02756-1",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Drought Indices"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Dam Tracker — A database of more than 35,000 dams with location and attributes",
      "description": "Cross-validated geo-coordinates, satellite-derived catchment areas, and detailed attributes for 35,000+ dams globally, enabling analysis of dam construction costs and benefits.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02008-2",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Remote Sensing",
        "Water Infrastructure",
        "Catchment Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Dam Watch (GDW) v1.0",
      "description": "41,145 barriers and 35,295 reservoir polygons worldwide",
      "url": "https://www.globaldamwatch.org/database",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Dams",
        "Reservoirs",
        "Infrastructure",
        "GIS Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "41,000+ dams worldwide",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global dataset combining open-source hydropower plant and reservoir data",
      "description": "GloHydroRes combines hydropower plant and reservoir datasets with plant location, head, type, dam height, area and volume for 7,775 plants across 128 countries.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04975-0",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lakes & Reservoirs",
        "Water Infrastructure"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global flash drought inventory based on soil moisture volatility",
      "description": "A global inventory of flash drought events identified through rapid soil moisture depletion, providing onset dates, duration, and severity metrics for flash drought characterization.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03809-9",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Drought Indices"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Future Drought Layers based on downscaled CMIP6 models",
      "description": "Global gridded projections of future drought conditions derived from downscaled CMIP6 models under multiple SSP scenarios, enabling drought risk assessment under climate change.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04612-w",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drought Indices",
        "Climate Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Gravity-based Groundwater Product (G3P)",
      "description": "First global observation-based groundwater storage dataset derived from GRACE/GRACE-FO satellite gravimetry. Monthly groundwater storage anomalies at 0.5° resolution from 2002 to 2023 with uncertainty estimates",
      "url": "https://gravis.gfz-potsdam.de/gws",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Storage",
        "Total Water Storage",
        "Gravity Anomalies",
        "Subsurface Water"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global at 0.5° resolution, monthly from 2002-2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Historical Climatology Network Monthly Precipitation Dataset v4",
      "description": "Version 4 of the GHCN monthly precipitation dataset providing quality-controlled precipitation records from over 100,000 stations worldwide with improved spatial and temporal coverage.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03457-z",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global long-term daily 1km surface soil moisture with physics-informed ML",
      "description": "A high-resolution (1 km) global daily surface soil moisture dataset produced using physics-informed machine learning, merging satellite retrievals with land surface model outputs.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02011-7",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Remote Sensing",
        "Machine Learning"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global maps of Forel-Ule index, hue angle and Secchi disk depth from ESA Ocean Colour CCI",
      "description": "21-year global dataset (1997–2018) of monthly Secchi disk depth, hue angle, and Forel-Ule index over global oceans at ~4 km resolution from ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-481-2021",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2021"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global monthly CMIP6 climate variables for estimating evapotranspiration",
      "description": "Monthly climate variables from 14 CMIP6 GCMs for four SSPs at 0.5° resolution (1950–2100), designed to estimate historical and future potential evapotranspiration.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02475-7",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Climate Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global monthly sectoral water use for 2010–2100 at 0.5° resolution across alternative futures",
      "description": "Global gridded monthly sectoral water withdrawal and consumption for 2010–2100 across 75 scenarios harmonized with SSPs and RCPs, covering domestic, industrial, and agricultural sectors.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02086-2",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Projections",
        "Water Use"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Multi-Sensor Surface Water Indices Dataset",
      "description": "Monthly global surface water maps from Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 using three water indices (NDWI, MNDWI, WI2015) at 300m resolution. Published 2025 covering 2019-2021 with ongoing updates",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14823903",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water Indices",
        "NDWI Maps",
        "Water Body Mapping",
        "Monthly Water Extent"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global at 300m resolution, monthly"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global River Water Quality Archive (GRQA)",
      "description": "17 million observations, 43 parameters from 1898-2023",
      "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/15335450",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Rivers",
        "Historical Data",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "125+ years of data",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Soil Hydraulic Properties dataset based on legacy site observations",
      "description": "15,259 soil water characteristic curves from 2,702 sites worldwide with soil texture, bulk density, and organic carbon data for parameterizing land surface and hydrological models.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01481-5",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2022"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Stable Isotope Dataset for Surface Water",
      "description": "Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data from 22,389 stations worldwide covering 1956-2023 with 102,511 records across seven continents. Published 2025.",
      "url": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/2135/2025/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Stable Isotopes",
        "Surface Water"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Seven continents",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Sub-Daily Precipitation Indices (GSDR-I)",
      "description": "A global dataset of sub-daily precipitation extreme indices computed from hourly gauge observations, enabling analysis of short-duration rainfall intensities and their trends.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02238-4",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Cryosphere"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Surface Water Transitions (1984-2022)",
      "description": "First-of-its-kind global dataset identifying timing of surface water advance or recession at 30m resolution using Landsat time series. Published October 2025.",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-06013-5",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water Extent",
        "Land-Water Transitions"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, 30m resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "Global thermal tolerance compilation for freshwater invertebrates and fish",
      "description": "ThermoFresh — the largest thermal tolerance database for freshwater organisms, covering 931 species from over a century of studies, supporting water management under climate warming.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05832-w",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Tropical Cyclone Precipitation (MSTCP) Dataset",
      "description": "Multi-source tropical cyclone precipitation dataset combining satellite estimates and reanalysis data to provide comprehensive global records of rainfall from tropical cyclones.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03395-w",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Remote Sensing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Water Scarcity Atlas",
      "description": "Interactive platform by Aalto University and IIASA visualizing global water scarcity from 1900 to 2010 with future projections, city water maps, and freely downloadable data and code",
      "url": "https://waterscarcityatlas.org/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Scarcity Indicators",
        "Population Pressure",
        "Water Availability",
        "Future Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global (1900-2010 + future scenarios)"
    },
    {
      "name": "GLOBathy — The global lakes bathymetry dataset",
      "description": "Bathymetric maps for over 1.4 million waterbodies worldwide aligned with HydroLAKES, estimating maximum depths and storage-depth curves using a GIS-based framework.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01132-9",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lakes & Reservoirs",
        "Water Storage"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2022"
    },
    {
      "name": "GlobSnow v3.0 — Northern Hemisphere snow water equivalent dataset",
      "description": "Daily and monthly Northern Hemisphere snow water equivalent covering 1979–2018, derived by assimilating satellite passive microwave data with ground-based snow depth observations.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00939-2",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Cryosphere"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Northern Hemisphere",
      "coverage": "Northern Hemisphere",
      "lastUpdated": "2021"
    },
    {
      "name": "GloFAS-ERA5 operational global river discharge reanalysis 1979–present",
      "description": "Global gridded river discharge reanalysis at 0.1° resolution and daily time step (1979–present) using ERA5 and LISFLOOD, evaluated against 1,801 stations worldwide.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2043-2020",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Flood Data",
        "Climate Projections",
        "River Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2020"
    },
    {
      "name": "GloHydroRes Global Hydropower & Reservoir Dataset",
      "description": "7,775 hydropower plants (1,096 GW) across 128 countries with 29 attributes including dam height, reservoir depth, area, and volume. Published April 2025.",
      "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/14526360",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydropower",
        "Reservoirs",
        "Dam Characteristics"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "128 countries",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "GloLakes — Water storage dynamics for 27,000 lakes globally from 1984 to present",
      "description": "Global lake water storage dynamics for 27,000+ lakes from satellite altimetry and optical imaging (Landsat, Sentinel-2) from 1984 to present.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-201-2024",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Remote Sensing",
        "Lakes & Reservoirs",
        "Water Storage"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "GloRiSe — A global database on river sediment composition",
      "description": "2,828 suspended and bed sediment compositional measurements from 1,683 river locations worldwide, including major/minor/trace elements and mineralogical data.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3565-2021",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2021"
    },
    {
      "name": "GLWD v2 Global Lakes & Wetlands Database",
      "description": "Maps 18.2 million km2 of wetlands globally at 500m resolution with 33 waterbody and wetland types. Published 2025 in Earth System Science Data.",
      "url": "https://www.hydrosheds.org/products/glwd",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lakes",
        "Wetlands",
        "Inundation Extent"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global (56S to 84N)",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "GMIE — Global maximum irrigation extent and central pivot irrigation dataset",
      "description": "Global maximum irrigation extent (403 Mha) derived using drought stress analysis and deep learning, with identification of central pivot irrigation systems worldwide.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-855-2025",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Use"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "GOODD — A global dataset of more than 38,000 georeferenced dams",
      "description": "38,000+ georeferenced dams and their catchments digitized from satellite imagery (Landsat, IKONOS, SPOT), enabling global analyses of dam impacts on society and environment.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0362-5",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Remote Sensing",
        "Water Infrastructure",
        "Catchment Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2020"
    },
    {
      "name": "GRAiCE — Reconstructing terrestrial water storage anomalies with recurrent neural networks",
      "description": "Four global monthly terrestrial water storage anomaly reconstructions (1984–2021) at 0.5° using LSTM neural networks to extend the GRACE/GRACE-FO satellite record.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04403-3",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Storage",
        "Machine Learning"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gridded consumptive water footprints and benchmarks for crop production in China (2000–2018)",
      "description": "5-arcmin gridded monthly green and blue water footprints, evaporation, transpiration, and benchmarks for 21 crops in China using FAO AquaCrop.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4803-2023",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Evapotranspiration"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "coverage": "China",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gridded global dataset of industrial water use predicted using Random Forest",
      "description": "Global gridded industrial water use at 0.5° resolution (2000–2015) predicted using Random Forest with socioeconomic, climatic, and geographical predictors.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04148-5",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Use",
        "Machine Learning"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "GRILSS — Opening the gateway to global reservoir sedimentation data",
      "description": "First open-source global reservoir sedimentation dataset covering 1,000+ reservoirs with sedimentation amounts, lost capacity over time, and associated metadata.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1743-2025",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lakes & Reservoirs",
        "Water Infrastructure",
        "River Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "GTWS-MLrec — Global terrestrial water storage reconstruction by machine learning from 1940 to present",
      "description": "Monthly terrestrial water storage anomalies at 0.25° resolution from 1940–2022, reconstructed using machine learning trained on GRACE/GRACE-FO with climatic and hydrological predictors.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5597-2023",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Storage",
        "Machine Learning"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hellenic National Oceanographic Data Centre (HNODC)",
      "description": "Greece's national oceanographic data center providing physical, chemical, and biological water column parameters for the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea",
      "url": "https://hnodc.hcmr.gr/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Oceanographic Data",
        "Biological Parameters",
        "Marine Environmental Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Greece",
      "coverage": "Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea"
    },
    {
      "name": "High Resolution Water Quality of Chinese Lakes (2000-2023)",
      "description": "Monthly data for 8 water quality parameters across 180,000 lakes and reservoirs in China, developed using random forest models. Published 2025.",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-025-04915-y",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lake Water Quality",
        "pH",
        "Dissolved Oxygen",
        "Nutrients"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Asia",
      "country": "China",
      "coverage": "National",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "High-Resolution Global Streamflow (1980-2020)",
      "description": "2.94 million rivers with physics-embedded modeling",
      "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/17552954",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Rivers",
        "Modeling",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "2.94 million rivers",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hourly potential evapotranspiration at 0.1° resolution for the global land surface from 1981–present",
      "description": "hPET dataset providing hourly potential evapotranspiration at 0.1° resolution for global land from 1981 to present, based on ERA5-Land reanalysis.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-01003-9",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Evapotranspiration"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2021"
    },
    {
      "name": "Human alterations of the global floodplains 1992–2019",
      "description": "First global dataset quantifying human alterations in 15 million km² of floodplains along 520 major river basins at 250 m resolution, revealing ~600,000 km² of floodplain loss.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02382-x",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Data",
        "River Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "HydroBASINS Global Sub-basins",
      "description": "1 million polygons with Pfafstetter coding system",
      "url": "https://www.hydrosheds.org/products/hydrobasins",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Watersheds",
        "Basins",
        "GIS Data",
        "Boundaries"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "1 million+ sub-basins",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "HydroWASTE Global WWTP Database",
      "description": "58,502 wastewater treatment plants worldwide with discharge data",
      "url": "https://www.hydrosheds.org/products/hydrowaste",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Wastewater",
        "Treatment Plants",
        "Discharge",
        "GIS Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "58,000+ WWTPs",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "IITM Centre for Climate Change Research Data Portal",
      "description": "Climate data portal at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology providing CMIP6 and CORDEX South Asia climate model outputs including historical simulations and future projections",
      "url": "https://cccr.tropmet.res.in/climate-data-portal.php",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Model Data",
        "CMIP6 Outputs",
        "CORDEX South Asia",
        "Rainfall Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "South Asia regional climate projections, 1951-2095"
    },
    {
      "name": "India Biodiversity Portal",
      "description": "Open-access participatory biodiversity informatics platform with 265,000+ species observations including freshwater fish checklists (355 endemic species) and habitat mapping",
      "url": "https://indiabiodiversity.org/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Freshwater Fish Species",
        "Aquatic Biodiversity",
        "Species Observations",
        "Habitat Maps"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "National - freshwater ecosystems"
    },
    {
      "name": "Institute of Water Modelling",
      "description": "Water resources research",
      "url": "http://www.iwmbd.org/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrodynamic Modeling",
        "Coastal Studies",
        "River Engineering",
        "Delta Management"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Research",
      "region": "Bangladesh",
      "country": "Bangladesh",
      "coverage": "Delta and coastal regions",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Inventory of shallow landslides triggered by extreme precipitation in July 2023 in Beijing",
      "description": "15,383 rainfall-induced shallow landslides triggered by a single extreme precipitation event across 3,250 km² of mountainous Beijing, mapped from satellite imagery.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03901-0",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Remote Sensing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "IWMI Africa Water Data Portal",
      "description": "International Water Management Institute's Africa Geoportal providing river discharge data for 60,000+ river segments, rainfall datasets, crop water use maps, and irrigation performance indicators",
      "url": "https://iwmi.africageoportal.com/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Discharge",
        "Rainfall",
        "Irrigation Data",
        "Crop Water Use",
        "Water Availability"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "coverage": "Continental"
    },
    {
      "name": "LakeATLAS — Global hydro-environmental lake characteristics at high spatial resolution",
      "description": "56 hydro-environmental variables for 1.4+ million lakes and reservoirs globally, covering hydrology, physiography, climate, land cover, soils, and anthropogenic influences.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01425-z",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lakes & Reservoirs",
        "Catchment Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2022"
    },
    {
      "name": "LakeBeD-US Lake Benchmark Dataset",
      "description": "500+ million observations of lake water quality from 21 U.S. lakes across 17 variables. Provided in ecology and computer science formats for ML. Published 2025.",
      "url": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/17/3141/2025/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lake Water Quality",
        "Temperature",
        "Dissolved Oxygen",
        "Nutrients"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "21 lakes",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "Long-term daily hydrometeorological drought indices, soil moisture, and ET for ICOS sites",
      "description": "Daily drought indices (SMI, SPI, SPEI), soil moisture, and evapotranspiration from 1950–2021 for 101 ICOS ecosystem monitoring sites across Europe.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02192-1",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Drought Indices",
        "Cryosphere"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "Europe & Mediterranean",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "ML-based reconstruction of long-term global terrestrial water storage anomalies",
      "description": "Long-term reconstruction of global terrestrial water storage anomalies using machine learning, extending GRACE observations back in time for investigating hydrological extremes under climate change.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-2575-2025",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Storage",
        "Climate Projections",
        "Machine Learning"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "National Institute of Hydrology (NIH), Roorkee",
      "description": "India's premier hydrology research institute conducting research on surface and groundwater hydrology, water quality, flood management, and snow/glacier hydrology with telemetry stations",
      "url": "https://nihroorkee.gov.in/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Research",
        "River Water Levels",
        "Rainfall",
        "Snow and Glacier Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "National - multi-basin hydrological research"
    },
    {
      "name": "NCAR CAMELS Hydrometeorological Dataset",
      "description": "Large-sample basin-scale hydrometeorological forcing data",
      "url": "https://ncar.github.io/hydrology/datasets/CAMELS_timeseries",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Meteorological",
        "Basin Characteristics",
        "Climate Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "USA",
      "country": "USA",
      "coverage": "671 basins in USGS HCDN-2009",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "NEC-DROMO — Near-global agro-climatological drought monitoring dataset",
      "description": "Near-global dataset (2002–2021) at 0.25° combining soil moisture and vegetation water content for agricultural drought monitoring, validated against SPI, NDVI, and disaster databases.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06316-7",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Drought Indices"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "NH-SWE — Northern Hemisphere Snow Water Equivalent from in situ snow depth time series",
      "description": "Daily SWE time series for 11,071 stations across the Northern Hemisphere (1950–2022) derived from in situ snow depth using snow density modeling across diverse snow climates.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-2577-2023",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Cryosphere"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Northern Hemisphere",
      "coverage": "Northern Hemisphere",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "NorSWE — Northern Hemisphere in situ snow water equivalent dataset (1979–2021)",
      "description": "Over 11.5 million SWE observations from 10,000+ locations across the Northern Hemisphere (1979–2021), compiled from manual snow surveys, snow pillows, and automated sensors.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-3619-2025",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Cryosphere"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Northern Hemisphere",
      "coverage": "Northern Hemisphere",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "ONFIRE — A monthly gridded burned area database of national wildland fire data",
      "description": "First gridded burned area database from national wildfire records across Australia, Canada, Chile, Europe, and the US on a common 1° grid spanning decades.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03141-2",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "Europe & Mediterranean",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "OpenET 48-State Evapotranspiration",
      "description": "Satellite-based evapotranspiration at quarter-acre resolution across 48 contiguous U.S. states. Expanded from 23 states in December 2025. Over 13,000 users.",
      "url": "https://etdata.org/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Water Use"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "48 states",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR)",
      "description": "National water research body conducting water quality monitoring across 70 cities since 2001, with ISO-17025 accredited laboratory and groundwater monitoring network of 100+ observation wells",
      "url": "https://www.pcrwr.gov.pk/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Groundwater Monitoring",
        "Arsenic Contamination",
        "Water Quality Reports"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "Pakistan",
      "coverage": "National water quality monitoring in 70 cities"
    },
    {
      "name": "POSEIDON Marine Monitoring System (Greece)",
      "description": "Comprehensive marine environmental monitoring and forecasting system for Greek seas operated by the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research with real-time oceanographic data from an extensive buoy network",
      "url": "https://poseidon.hcmr.gr/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sea Water Quality",
        "Oceanographic Data",
        "Marine Ecosystem Monitoring",
        "Weather Forecasting"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Greece",
      "coverage": "Greek seas (Eastern Mediterranean)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Quality controlled groundwater level data with specific yield over India",
      "description": "Quality-controlled groundwater level records paired with specific yield estimates across India, enabling improved groundwater storage change calculations for the subcontinent.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05899-5",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Storage"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "coverage": "India",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "Quantitative datasets of societal value, technology and policy for human-water system modelling",
      "description": "Quantitative datasets capturing societal values, technology adoption, and water policy variables for coupled human-water system modeling and integrated water resources management.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05885-x",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Use"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "ReaLSAT — A global dataset of reservoir and lake surface area variations",
      "description": "Monthly surface area time series for 681,137 lakes and reservoirs larger than 0.1 km² from 1984 to 2015, derived from Landsat imagery.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01449-5",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Remote Sensing",
        "Lakes & Reservoirs"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2022"
    },
    {
      "name": "Reconstruction of hourly coastal water levels and counterfactuals without sea level rise",
      "description": "Historical hourly (1979–2015) and monthly (1900–2015) coastal water levels with counterfactuals removing sea level rise trends for impact attribution studies.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1121-2024",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Remote sensing-based extension of GRDC discharge time series",
      "description": "Monthly discharge time series extension for 3,377 inactive GRDC stations using stochastic mapping of legacy gauge data and remote sensing observations, with uncertainty estimates.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03078-6",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Remote Sensing",
        "River Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Satellite-derived multivariate lake physical variable timeseries for climate studies",
      "description": "Multi-variable time series for 2,024 lakes worldwide including surface water temperature, water extent, water level, and ice cover from multiple satellite instruments.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01889-z",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Temperature",
        "Cryosphere",
        "Remote Sensing",
        "Lakes & Reservoirs"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "SenForFlood Global Flood Detection Dataset",
      "description": "Comprehensive ML training dataset for flood mapping with 353 flood events from all continents using Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical imagery with terrain data and analyst-verified flood masks",
      "url": "https://github.com/GEOHUM-PLUS/SenForFlood",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Maps",
        "SAR Flood Detection",
        "Training Data",
        "Flood Masks"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "353 flood events across all continents (2025)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Sentinel-2 Water Bodies",
      "description": "Near real-time water extent at 10m resolution from ESA Copernicus",
      "url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/global/products/wb",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Remote Sensing",
        "Water Extent",
        "Real-time",
        "Satellite"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global at 10m resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "SEWA-MHWs — Southern Europe and western Asian marine heatwaves dataset",
      "description": "First observational dataset of marine heatwave macroevents over southern Europe and western Asian basins from ESA SST Climate Change Initiative data (1981–2016).",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1269-2023",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Temperature",
        "Climate Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "Europe & Mediterranean",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "SM2RAIN-Climate — monthly global long-term rainfall dataset",
      "description": "A global monthly rainfall dataset derived from satellite soil moisture observations using the SM2RAIN algorithm, providing an independent alternative to traditional precipitation products.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02654-6",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Remote Sensing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "SMAP-HydroBlocks — A 30 m satellite-based soil moisture dataset for the conterminous US",
      "description": "Surface soil moisture at unprecedented 30 m resolution (2015–2019) for the conterminous U.S., merging high-resolution land surface modeling, ML, and SMAP satellite data.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-01050-2",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Machine Learning"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "coverage": "North America",
      "lastUpdated": "2021"
    },
    {
      "name": "SoilKsatDB — Global database of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements",
      "description": "Global database of 13,258 soil saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements from 1,908 sites, standardized and quality-checked for infiltration and groundwater recharge modeling.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1593-2021",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2021"
    },
    {
      "name": "Streamflow in the United States: characteristics, trends, regime shifts, and extremes",
      "description": "70 years of streamflow records (1951–2021) at ~8,000 US stations with 181 indicators characterizing trends, regime shifts, and extremes using Bayesian analysis.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03618-0",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Climate Projections"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "coverage": "North America",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Terrestrial evapotranspiration and soil moisture dynamics (1982–2020)",
      "description": "A long-term global dataset of terrestrial evapotranspiration and soil moisture dynamics from 1982 to 2020, derived from satellite observations and land surface modeling.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03271-7",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Remote Sensing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Total irrigation by crop in the Continental United States from 2008 to 2020",
      "description": "County-level irrigation water withdrawal by crop, year, and water source (surface/groundwater) for 20 crop groups across the Continental U.S. from 2008–2020.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03244-w",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Use"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology",
      "description": "Hydrological research data",
      "url": "https://www.ceh.ac.uk/data",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow Records",
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Quality",
        "Ecological Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "UK",
      "country": "UK",
      "coverage": "UK-wide monitoring",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Underground well water level observation grid dataset (2005–2022)",
      "description": "A gridded dataset of underground well water level observations from 2005 to 2022, providing spatially continuous groundwater level estimates for regional water resource assessment.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04799-y",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "United States Water Withdrawals Database",
      "description": "Standardized water withdrawal data across 42 U.S. states: 188,857 unique water users, 353,694 diversion points, and 58 million withdrawal volume records.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06300-1",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Use"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "coverage": "North America",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "US Wastewater Treatment GHG Emissions",
      "description": "Greenhouse gas emissions data from US wastewater facilities",
      "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/16745956",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Wastewater",
        "Emissions",
        "GHG",
        "Climate"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "US wastewater facilities",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "US-CoastEX — Probabilistic reanalysis of storm surge and sea level extremes for the United States",
      "description": "Observation-driven probabilistic dataset of storm surge and sea level extremes for the U.S. coast (1950–2020) using Bayesian methods, revealing traditional 100-year estimates were ~50% too low.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05730-1",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "coverage": "North America",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "VegDischarge v1 African River Discharge",
      "description": "64,000+ river segments in Africa with natural river discharge data for 2001-2021, produced by coupled vegetation-hydrology modeling.",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-024-04034-0",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Discharge",
        "Hydrological Modeling"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "coverage": "Continental",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": false
    },
    {
      "name": "Virtual water trade and water footprint of agricultural goods: the 1961–2016 CWASI database",
      "description": "Country-specific water footprint and virtual water trade data for 370 agricultural goods across all countries (1961–2016), tracing goods to production origin.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2025-2021",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2021"
    },
    {
      "name": "Water footprints and crop water use of 175 individual crops for 1990–2019",
      "description": "Global crop model (AquaCrop) quantifying consumptive water footprints of 175 crops at 5 arcminute resolution over 1990–2019, partitioned into green and blue water for rainfed and irrigated systems.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03051-3",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Use"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "WorldCereal — Global seasonal crop and irrigation mapping at 10 m resolution",
      "description": "ESA-funded global seasonal crop and irrigation mapping system at 10 m resolution using Sentinel-2, generating crop extent, cereal/maize, and irrigation maps.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-5491-2023",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "NOAA NCEI Marine Microplastics Database",
      "description": "The most comprehensive open-source marine microplastics database globally, aggregating data from 33+ peer-reviewed datasets with records dating back to 1972. Provides a GIS web map portal for visualization, subsetting, and download.",
      "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/microplastics",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Microplastic Concentration",
        "Particle Size",
        "Polymer Type",
        "Morphology",
        "Sampling Depth",
        "Geographic Coordinates"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Global oceans, 33+ aggregated datasets since 1972",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Atlas of Ocean Microplastics (AOMI)",
      "description": "Global database of ocean surface microplastic monitoring data, quality-controlled under harmonized guidelines. Provides 2D gridded maps and downloadable open data with comparability grading for each dataset.",
      "url": "https://aomi.env.go.jp/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Microplastic Density Distribution",
        "Particle Size Categories",
        "Ocean Surface Monitoring",
        "Quality Grading",
        "Gridded Maps"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Japan",
      "coverage": "Global ocean surface, strongest coverage in Pacific and Atlantic",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "LITTERBASE — Marine Litter and Microplastics Portal",
      "description": "Compiles results from over 3,000 scientific publications on marine litter and microplastics, presented in interactive global maps and infographics. Filterable by size category and habitat type.",
      "url": "https://litterbase.awi.de/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Microplastic Distribution",
        "Marine Litter Composition",
        "Species Interactions",
        "Habitat Classification",
        "Size Categories"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Germany",
      "coverage": "Global, 3,000+ publications, 1,472 taxa affected",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "UNEP/OEOO Microplastic Pollution Map",
      "description": "First interactive world map documenting marine microplastic pollution based on water samples collected from regular shipping routes and analyzed via FTIR spectrometry.",
      "url": "https://data.unep.org/app/dataset/gpml-one-earth-one-ocean--oeoo--microplastic-pollution-map",
      "category": "UN Organization",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Microplastic Concentration",
        "Chemical Composition",
        "FTIR Analysis",
        "Shipping Route Sampling"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global, strongest in European seas, Atlantic, Mediterranean",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "Adventure Scientists Global Microplastics Initiative",
      "description": "One of the largest citizen-science microplastic surveys ever conducted. 1,058 volunteer expeditions collected 2,677 water samples from every continent and ocean between 2013-2017.",
      "url": "https://www.adventurescientists.org/microplastics.html",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Microplastic Presence",
        "Concentration Data",
        "Freshwater Sampling",
        "Marine Sampling",
        "Citizen Science"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "All continents and oceans, 2,677 water samples",
      "lastUpdated": "2017"
    },
    {
      "name": "Multilevel Dataset of Microplastic Abundance in World's Upper Ocean",
      "description": "8,218 pelagic microplastic samples synthesized into raw, calibrated, processed, and gridded datasets. Estimates 24.4 trillion microplastic pieces in the world's upper oceans.",
      "url": "https://microplastics.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43591-021-00013-z",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Microplastic Abundance",
        "Gridded Concentration Maps",
        "Pelagic Tow Data",
        "Calibrated Estimates"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global oceans and Great Lakes, 8,218 samples",
      "lastUpdated": "2021"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Inland Waters Microplastics Dataset",
      "description": "Comprehensive meta-analysis compiling 5,365 observations from 301 publications on microplastics in global inland waters with predictive mapping correlated with human development and land use.",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-025-02320-2",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Microplastic Concentration",
        "Polymer Types",
        "Shape Classification",
        "Color Distribution",
        "Freshwater Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, 5,365 observations",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "International Pellet Watch (IPW)",
      "description": "Volunteer-based global monitoring of persistent organic pollutants accumulated on beached plastic resin pellets from 300+ locations in 40+ countries, analyzed via chemical spectrometry.",
      "url": "http://pelletwatch.org/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "POPs on Microplastics",
        "PCB Concentrations",
        "DDT Concentrations",
        "Pellet Chemical Composition",
        "Coastal Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Japan",
      "coverage": "50+ countries, 300+ coastal locations",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS Microplastics in Great Lakes Tributaries",
      "description": "Quantity and morphology of floating microplastics in 29 Great Lakes tributaries across 6 states with 107 water samples and detailed particle characterization.",
      "url": "https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/5748a29be4b07e28b664dd62",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Microplastic Quantity",
        "Particle Morphology",
        "Polymer Identity",
        "Freshwater Sampling"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "29 Great Lakes tributaries across 6 US states",
      "lastUpdated": "2016"
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS Microplastics in Northeastern US Streams",
      "description": "Assessment of microplastic pollution in streams of the northeastern United States. Fibers composed an average of 71% of all microplastic particles found.",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/data/microplastics-data-collected-streams-northeastern-united-states-2017-2018",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Microplastic Concentration",
        "Particle Morphology",
        "Polymer Identification",
        "Stream Characteristics"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Northeastern US streams, 2017-2018 sampling period",
      "lastUpdated": "2020"
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS Milwaukee Area / Lake Michigan Microplastics",
      "description": "Microplastic quantity, morphology, and polymer identity in water column and surficial sediments of Milwaukee-area streams, Milwaukee Harbor, and Lake Michigan.",
      "url": "https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/microplastics-in-the-water-column-and-sediment-in-milwaukee-area-streams-the-milwaukee-har",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Column Microplastics",
        "Sediment Microplastics",
        "Polymer Identity",
        "Vertical Distribution"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Milwaukee-area streams, Milwaukee Harbor, Lake Michigan",
      "lastUpdated": "2019"
    },
    {
      "name": "California Microplastics in Drinking Water Dataset",
      "description": "Compiled from peer-reviewed studies on microplastics in drinking water including both bottled and tap water, part of California's state-mandated microplastics monitoring initiative.",
      "url": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/microplastics-in-drinking-water",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drinking Water Microplastics",
        "Tap Water Analysis",
        "Bottled Water Analysis",
        "Particle Counts"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "California drinking water systems with global literature review",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "California Microplastics — San Francisco Bay",
      "description": "Microplastic and microparticle data from surface water sampling in San Francisco Bay and adjacent National Marine Sanctuaries.",
      "url": "https://data.cnra.ca.gov/dataset/microplastic-sf-bay",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water Microplastics",
        "Microparticle Data",
        "Estuary Monitoring",
        "Geographic Coordinates"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "San Francisco Bay and adjacent National Marine Sanctuaries",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "DOER MP-Sed: Microplastics in Sediments Database",
      "description": "Global database of microplastic concentrations, sizes, shapes, and polymer data for sediments compiled from published literature. Covers lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, rivers, harbors, and marine areas.",
      "url": "https://doer.el.erdc.dren.mil/microplasticdatabase.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sediment Microplastic Concentration",
        "Particle Sizes",
        "Particle Shapes",
        "Polymer Types",
        "Habitat Classification"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Global with strong US coverage, lakes/rivers/estuaries/harbors/marine",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "EMODnet Chemistry Marine Litter Database (Micro-litter)",
      "description": "First pan-European marine litter database with 1,670 floating micro-litter datasets from 11 countries (2011-2021) plus sediment micro-litter data, harmonized per EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive standards.",
      "url": "https://emodnet.ec.europa.eu/en/marine-litter",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Floating Micro-litter",
        "Sediment Micro-litter",
        "Particle Counts",
        "Beach Litter",
        "Seafloor Litter"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "coverage": "European seas: Mediterranean, North Sea, Baltic, Atlantic, Black Sea",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "UK Seafloor Microplastics Data (England and Wales)",
      "description": "Microplastics data from UK seafloor sediments in England and Wales waters, published as open government data by the UK Environment Agency.",
      "url": "https://environment.data.gov.uk/dataset/415f5964-19fb-4be6-80e1-d93e47b9fc1b",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Seafloor Sediment Microplastics",
        "Particle Types",
        "Geographic Coordinates"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "coverage": "England and Wales seafloor sediments",
      "lastUpdated": "2023"
    },
    {
      "name": "AIMS Marine Microplastics Monitoring (Great Barrier Reef)",
      "description": "Australian Institute of Marine Science conducts microplastic tows around the Great Barrier Reef integrated into the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) National Reference Stations project since 2016.",
      "url": "https://www.aims.gov.au/research-topics/environmental-issues/marine-microplastics",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Seawater Microplastic Concentration",
        "Particle Characterization",
        "Temporal Trends",
        "Marine Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "Tropical marine waters, Great Barrier Reef region",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ocean Conservancy TIDES Database",
      "description": "The world's largest ocean trash dataset from the annual International Coastal Cleanup and Clean Swell app. Includes plastic fragments and microplastic data from trash traps across 100+ countries.",
      "url": "https://www.coastalcleanupdata.org/",
      "category": "NGO",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Plastic Fragment Counts",
        "Microplastic Trap Data",
        "Coastal Litter Surveys",
        "Temporal Trends"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "100+ countries, coastal and waterway locations",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "NCCR Marine Litter & Microplastics Monitoring (India)",
      "description": "National Centre for Coastal Research quantifies microplastics in coastal water, sediment, biota, and beach sand along India's east and west coasts. Covers 19 transects on the west coast (Porbandar to Kanyakumari) and 25 on the east coast (Puri to Tuticorin).",
      "url": "https://www.nccr.gov.in/?q=activities/marine-litter-micro-plastics",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Beach Litter Counts",
        "Polymer Identification",
        "Spatial Distribution",
        "Seasonal Variation",
        "Biota Contamination"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Entire Indian coastline — east coast, west coast, islands",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "MoES Survey on Microplastic and Marine Debris (India)",
      "description": "Official Ministry of Earth Sciences response detailing microplastic survey findings conducted through NCCR, NCSCM, NPC, and CIPET across Indian coastal waters and marine environments.",
      "url": "https://www.moes.gov.in/sites/default/files/PIB2152990.pdf",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Beach Litter Composition",
        "Microplastic Abundance",
        "Survey Summaries"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Indian coastline survey data 2018-2024",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "Groundwater Assessment Platform (GAP Maps)",
      "description": "Eawag global groundwater quality platform for viewing, printing, uploading, sharing, and spatially modeling geogenic groundwater contamination including arsenic, fluoride, and other contaminants with free GIS tools",
      "url": "https://www.gapmaps.org/Home/Public",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Arsenic Contamination",
        "Fluoride Contamination",
        "Groundwater Quality",
        "Geogenic Contamination Maps",
        "Spatial Modeling"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global groundwater quality maps and modeling platform",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "Eawag Global Arsenic in Groundwater Dataset",
      "description": "Machine-learning modeled global arsenic hazard maps based on ~80 previous studies with predictor variables including climate, soil, and topography. Downloadable GeoTIFF rasters and CSV data from the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology",
      "url": "https://opendata.eawag.ch/dataset/global-threat-of-arsenic-in-groundwater",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Arsenic Contamination",
        "Groundwater Quality",
        "Hazard Maps",
        "GeoTIFF Rasters",
        "Machine Learning Predictions"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global arsenic probability maps at high resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS Arsenic Concentrations in Groundwater of the United States",
      "description": "Arsenic values in micrograms per liter for groundwater samples from approximately 31,000 wells and springs across 49 US states compiled by USGS, with downloadable Excel, TXT, and GIS shapefiles for 20,043 samples collected 1973-2001",
      "url": "https://catalog.data.gov/dataset/map-of-arsenic-concentrations-in-groundwater-of-the-united-states",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Arsenic Contamination",
        "Groundwater Quality",
        "Well Data",
        "GIS Shapefiles"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "49 US states, 31,000 wells and springs",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS Estimated Nitrate and Arsenic in SW US Basin-Fill Aquifers (SIM 3234)",
      "description": "Statistical random-forest models predicting nitrate and arsenic concentrations across 190,600 square miles of basin-fill aquifers in Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah with downloadable GIS data",
      "url": "https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3234/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Arsenic Contamination",
        "Nitrate Contamination",
        "Groundwater Quality",
        "Statistical Models",
        "GIS Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Southwestern US — AZ, CA, CO, NV, NM, UT basin-fill aquifers",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "BGS Bangladesh Arsenic Groundwater Data",
      "description": "British Geological Survey arsenic contamination data from Bangladesh including DPHE/BGS National Hydrochemical Survey of 3,534 boreholes across 61 districts, BWDB monitoring network of 113 boreholes, and Special Study Areas with 271 samples. Downloadable CSV datasets",
      "url": "https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/health/arsenic/Bangladesh/data.html",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Arsenic Contamination",
        "Groundwater Quality",
        "Borehole Data",
        "Trace Elements",
        "Hydrochemistry"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "Bangladesh",
      "coverage": "61 of 64 districts, 3,534+ boreholes",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "BGS Indo-Gangetic Basin Groundwater Maps",
      "description": "British Geological Survey transboundary aquifer maps for the Indo-Gangetic Basin covering groundwater abstraction, water-level trends, salinity, arsenic, and estimated storage at 1km grid resolution. Downloadable in ASCII XYZ and high-resolution PDF formats",
      "url": "https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/groundwater/international/SEAsiaGroundwater/mapsDownload.html",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Arsenic Contamination",
        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Salinity",
        "Groundwater Storage",
        "Transboundary Aquifer Maps"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "coverage": "Indo-Gangetic Basin — India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan at 1km resolution",
      "lastUpdated": "2024",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "CGWB India Groundwater Quality Portal",
      "description": "Central Ground Water Board online data portal for visualization of groundwater data from 15,259+ monitoring locations across India including arsenic, nitrate, fluoride, uranium, and other contaminants with quarterly monitoring from 22,965+ observation wells",
      "url": "https://gwdata.cgwb.gov.in/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Arsenic Contamination",
        "Nitrate Contamination",
        "Fluoride Contamination",
        "Groundwater Levels",
        "Groundwater Quality",
        "Aquifer Mapping"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "India nationwide — 15,259 monitoring locations, quarterly data",
      "lastUpdated": "2025",
      "popular": true
    },
    {
      "name": "EPA EnviroAtlas Interactive Map",
      "description": "US Environmental Protection Agency multi-extent interactive environmental map with broad-scale data for the lower 48 states and fine-scale data for selected communities, including water contaminants, ecosystem services, and environmental indicators",
      "url": "https://www.epa.gov/enviroatlas/enviroatlas-interactive-map",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Environmental Indicators",
        "Contaminant Mapping",
        "Ecosystem Services",
        "Community Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Lower 48 US states with fine-scale community data",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "USGS GWAVA Nitrate Contamination Model",
      "description": "Ground-Water Vulnerability Assessment model predicting nitrate contamination risk in US groundwater. GWAVA-S for shallow groundwater (<5m) and GWAVA-DW for deeper drinking water supplies, with downloadable GIS data layers",
      "url": "https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/gwava-s/index.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Nitrate Contamination",
        "Groundwater Vulnerability",
        "Risk Assessment",
        "GIS Data Layers"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "United States nationwide — shallow and deep groundwater",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "EWG National Nitrate Analysis Interactive Map",
      "description": "Environmental Working Group interactive map showing locations of large and very large US community water systems that detected nitrate at or above 5 mg/L between 2017-2019, with system-level contamination data",
      "url": "https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/2021-national-nitrate-analysis/map/",
      "category": "Non-Profit",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Nitrate Contamination",
        "Drinking Water Quality",
        "Community Water Systems"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Large and very large US community water systems",
      "lastUpdated": "2024"
    },
    {
      "name": "EWG Arsenic, Nitrate & Chromium-6 Co-occurrence Map",
      "description": "Environmental Working Group interactive map showing co-occurrence of arsenic, nitrate, and chromium-6 in drinking water affecting 100 million+ people in the US, with system-level detection data",
      "url": "https://www.ewg.org/interactive-maps/2025-chromium6-cooccurance/map/",
      "category": "Non-Profit",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Arsenic Contamination",
        "Nitrate Contamination",
        "Chromium-6 Contamination",
        "Drinking Water Quality",
        "Co-occurrence Analysis"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "US drinking water systems — 100M+ people affected",
      "lastUpdated": "2025"
    },
    {
      "name": "GitHub Waterhackweek Mapping Groundwater Contaminants",
      "description": "Open-source project from Waterhackweek for mapping groundwater contaminants including arsenic and nitrate using Python, with Jupyter notebooks, data processing scripts, and geospatial analysis tools",
      "url": "https://github.com/waterhackweek/whw2019_Mapping_Groundwater_Contaminants",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Arsenic Contamination",
        "Nitrate Contamination",
        "Groundwater Quality",
        "Python Scripts",
        "Jupyter Notebooks"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "US groundwater contaminant mapping tools and datasets"
    },
    {
      "name": "SoilGrids Depth to Bedrock",
      "description": "ISRIC global predicted depth to bedrock at 250m resolution derived from machine learning models using soil profile data, terrain attributes, and remote sensing covariates, critical for groundwater modelling and hydrological assessments",
      "url": "https://data.isric.org/geonetwork/srv/eng/catalog.search#/metadata/953d0905-a101-4626-8334-8b91f4b3a4e1",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Depth to Bedrock",
        "Soil Properties",
        "Subsurface Geology",
        "Hydrological Parameters",
        "250m Resolution"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 250m resolution depth to bedrock predictions"
    },
    {
      "name": "NBSS&LUP India Soil Map",
      "description": "National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning soil resource maps of India including soil type classifications, land capability assessments, and soil health data at state and district levels for agricultural and hydrological planning",
      "url": "https://www.nbsslup.in/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Maps",
        "Soil Classification",
        "Land Capability",
        "Soil Health",
        "District-Level Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "National soil resource mapping across Indian states and districts"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bhuvan NRSC Soil Data",
      "description": "ISRO National Remote Sensing Centre thematic soil data layers on the Bhuvan geoportal including soil texture, depth, erosion, drainage, and land degradation maps derived from satellite imagery and field surveys across India",
      "url": "https://bhuvan-app1.nrsc.gov.in/thematic/thematic/index.php",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Texture",
        "Soil Depth",
        "Soil Erosion",
        "Land Degradation",
        "Remote Sensing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "India satellite-derived thematic soil maps"
    },
    {
      "name": "NATMO India Soil Maps",
      "description": "National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation geoportal providing digitized thematic maps of India including soil types, soil pH, soil texture, geological formations, and physiographic regions relevant to watershed and groundwater studies",
      "url": "https://geoportal.natmo.gov.in/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Type Maps",
        "Soil pH",
        "Soil Texture",
        "Geological Maps",
        "Thematic Mapping"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "National thematic soil and geological maps of India"
    },
    {
      "name": "SWAT India Soil Dataset",
      "description": "SWAT model-ready soil dataset for India containing reclassified soil properties from NBSS&LUP data including hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, available water capacity, and soil texture parameters formatted for hydrological watershed modelling",
      "url": "https://swat.tamu.edu/data/india-dataset/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Properties",
        "Hydraulic Conductivity",
        "Bulk Density",
        "Available Water Capacity",
        "Watershed Modelling"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "India SWAT-compatible soil parameters for watershed modelling"
    },
    {
      "name": "ORNL DAAC Global Root Profiles",
      "description": "Jackson et al. global ecosystem root profile dataset archived at ORNL DAAC containing root biomass and depth distributions for major terrestrial biomes compiled from 250+ studies, essential for land surface models and ecohydrological research",
      "url": "https://daac.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/dsviewer.pl?ds_id=660",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Root Depth Profiles",
        "Root Biomass",
        "Ecosystem Parameters",
        "Biome Data",
        "Ecohydrology"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global root depth and biomass profiles across terrestrial biomes"
    },
    {
      "name": "ISLSCP II Ecosystem Rooting Depths",
      "description": "International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project Phase II ecosystem rooting depth data providing maximum rooting depth estimates by vegetation type on a global 1-degree grid for land surface and hydrological model parameterisation",
      "url": "https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/concepts/C179003542-ORNL_DAAC",
      "category": "Space Agency",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rooting Depths",
        "Vegetation Parameters",
        "Land Surface Data",
        "1-Degree Grid",
        "Model Parameterisation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 1-degree gridded ecosystem rooting depth estimates"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global 5km Rooting Depth Dataset",
      "description": "High-resolution global rooting depth maps at 5km spatial resolution providing effective and maximum rooting depths estimated from remote sensing vegetation indices, soil properties, and climate data for improved hydrological and earth system modelling",
      "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/15361409",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rooting Depth",
        "Effective Root Zone",
        "Vegetation Parameters",
        "5km Resolution",
        "Earth System Modelling"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 5km resolution effective and maximum rooting depth maps"
    },
    {
      "name": "Niger Basin Authority (NBA) Observatory",
      "description": "Hydrological monitoring and water resources data for the Niger River Basin spanning 9 West African countries, managed by the Autorite du Bassin du Niger.",
      "url": "https://www.abn.ne",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Hydrology",
        "Flood Monitoring",
        "Water Resources"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Multi-country (Niger Basin)",
      "coverage": "Niger River Basin (9 countries)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zambezi Watercourse Commission (ZAMCOM)",
      "description": "Transboundary water resources management data for the Zambezi River Basin, the fourth largest river basin in Africa covering 8 countries.",
      "url": "https://www.zambezicommission.org",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Resources",
        "Hydrology",
        "Transboundary",
        "Dam Operations"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Multi-country (Zambezi Basin)",
      "coverage": "Zambezi River Basin (8 countries)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Volta Basin Authority (VBA)",
      "description": "Water resources data and monitoring for the Volta River Basin in West Africa, covering Ghana, Burkina Faso, Togo, Benin, Cote d'Ivoire, and Mali.",
      "url": "https://www.abv-volta.org",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Resources",
        "Hydrology",
        "Climate",
        "Flood Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Multi-country (Volta Basin)",
      "coverage": "Volta River Basin (6 countries)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Orange-Senqu River Commission (ORASECOM)",
      "description": "Transboundary water management data for the Orange-Senqu River Basin shared by South Africa, Lesotho, Botswana, and Namibia, including water quality and flow data.",
      "url": "https://www.orasecom.org",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "River Flow",
        "Hydrology",
        "Transboundary"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Multi-country (Southern Africa)",
      "coverage": "Orange-Senqu River Basin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Senegal River Basin Development Organization (OMVS)",
      "description": "Water resources management data for the Senegal River Basin, including dam operations, irrigation, and hydrology across Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, and Senegal.",
      "url": "https://www.omvs.org",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Dam Operations",
        "Irrigation",
        "River Flow",
        "Hydrology"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Multi-country (Senegal Basin)",
      "coverage": "Senegal River Basin (4 countries)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ethiopia National Meteorological Institute (NMI) Climate Data",
      "description": "Meteorological and climate data for Ethiopia including rainfall, temperature, and drought monitoring relevant to water resources planning in the Horn of Africa.",
      "url": "https://www.ethiomet.gov.et",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rainfall",
        "Climate",
        "Drought Monitoring",
        "Temperature"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Ethiopia",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Uganda Ministry of Water and Environment - Directorate of Water Resources Management",
      "description": "Water resources data for Uganda including groundwater monitoring, surface water quality, and hydrological data from the Directorate of Water Resources Management.",
      "url": "https://www.mwe.go.ug",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Quality",
        "Hydrology",
        "Water Supply"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Uganda",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Mozambique National Directorate of Water Resources (DNGRH) - ARA-Sul",
      "description": "Regional water administration data for Southern Mozambique including river flow monitoring, flood early warning, and water resources management for the Limpopo and other basins.",
      "url": "https://www.ara-sul.gov.mz",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Flood Warning",
        "Water Resources"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Mozambique",
      "coverage": "Southern Mozambique"
    },
    {
      "name": "UAE National Center of Meteorology Water Data",
      "description": "Meteorological and hydrological data for the United Arab Emirates including rainfall, temperature, humidity, and weather station data from the National Center of Meteorology.",
      "url": "https://www.ncm.ae",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rainfall",
        "Climate",
        "Weather Station",
        "Humidity"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Middle East",
      "country": "United Arab Emirates",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) Water Resources",
      "description": "Water research data for Kuwait including groundwater studies, desalination research, and water resources assessments from the Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research.",
      "url": "https://www.kisr.edu.kw",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater",
        "Desalination",
        "Water Resources"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Middle East",
      "country": "Kuwait",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bahrain Electricity and Water Authority (EWA)",
      "description": "Water production and distribution statistics for the Kingdom of Bahrain including desalination output, water consumption data, and water network performance indicators.",
      "url": "https://www.ewa.bh",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Desalination",
        "Water Supply",
        "Water Consumption",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Middle East",
      "country": "Bahrain",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lebanon Litani River Authority",
      "description": "Water resources data for Lebanon's Litani River basin including dam operations (Qaraoun Dam), irrigation water, hydropower generation, and water quality monitoring.",
      "url": "https://www.litani.gov.lb",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Dam Operations",
        "Irrigation",
        "Hydropower",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Middle East",
      "country": "Lebanon",
      "coverage": "Litani River Basin"
    },
    {
      "name": "AWARENET - Arab Countries Water Utilities Association",
      "description": "Water utility performance benchmarking data for Arab water utilities including technical and financial indicators, service coverage, and non-revenue water metrics.",
      "url": "https://www.acwua.org",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Utility Performance",
        "Non-Revenue Water",
        "Service Coverage",
        "Benchmarking"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Middle East",
      "country": "Multi-country (Arab States)",
      "coverage": "Middle East and North Africa"
    },
    {
      "name": "Thailand Hydro-Informatics Institute (HII) Data Portal",
      "description": "National water data center for Thailand providing real-time flood monitoring, reservoir levels, rainfall data, and water situation reports through the Hydro-Informatics Institute.",
      "url": "https://www.hii.or.th",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Monitoring",
        "Reservoir Levels",
        "Rainfall",
        "Water Situation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "country": "Thailand",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Vietnam National Centre for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting (NCHMF)",
      "description": "Hydrological and meteorological forecasting data for Vietnam including river levels, flood warnings, typhoon tracking, and rainfall monitoring across major river basins.",
      "url": "https://www.nchmf.gov.vn",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Levels",
        "Flood Warnings",
        "Rainfall",
        "Typhoon Tracking"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "country": "Vietnam",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Philippines PAGASA Flood Forecasting and Warning System",
      "description": "Flood forecasting data for major Philippine river basins including the Pampanga, Agno, Bicol, and Cagayan rivers, with real-time water level monitoring and flood bulletins.",
      "url": "https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/flood",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Forecasting",
        "River Levels",
        "Rainfall",
        "Water Level Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "country": "Philippines",
      "coverage": "Major River Basins"
    },
    {
      "name": "Indonesia BMKG - Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics",
      "description": "Meteorological and climate data for Indonesia including rainfall monitoring, drought indicators, climate projections, and weather station data from the national meteorological agency.",
      "url": "https://www.bmkg.go.id",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rainfall",
        "Climate",
        "Drought Monitoring",
        "Weather Station"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "country": "Indonesia",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Malaysia Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) Hydrological Data",
      "description": "Hydrological data for Malaysia including river flow measurements, water level data, sediment transport, and flood risk mapping from the Department of Irrigation and Drainage.",
      "url": "https://www.water.gov.my/jps/resources",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Water Level",
        "Sediment Transport",
        "Flood Risk"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "country": "Malaysia",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ASMC)",
      "description": "Regional weather and climate monitoring for Southeast Asia including transboundary haze, rainfall anomalies, drought monitoring, and seasonal climate outlooks for ASEAN nations.",
      "url": "http://asmc.asean.org",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Monitoring",
        "Rainfall Anomalies",
        "Drought Monitoring",
        "Seasonal Outlook"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "country": "Multi-country (ASEAN)",
      "coverage": "Southeast Asia"
    },
    {
      "name": "Chile DGA - Hydrometeorological Station Network",
      "description": "Real-time and historical data from Chile's national hydrometeorological station network operated by the Direccion General de Aguas, including river flows, precipitation, snow, and groundwater levels.",
      "url": "https://snia.mop.gob.cl/BNAConsultas/reportes",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Precipitation",
        "Snow",
        "Groundwater Levels"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Latin America",
      "country": "Chile",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Argentina INA - National Water Institute (Instituto Nacional del Agua)",
      "description": "Research and monitoring data from Argentina's National Water Institute covering hydrology, hydraulics, water resources management, flood warning systems, and water quality studies.",
      "url": "https://www.ina.gob.ar",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrology",
        "Flood Warning",
        "Water Quality",
        "Water Resources"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Latin America",
      "country": "Argentina",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brazil ANA - National Water and Sanitation Agency Situation Room",
      "description": "Real-time water situation monitoring for Brazil including reservoir levels, river flows, drought conditions, and flood alerts from the National Water Agency's Situation Room.",
      "url": "https://www.ana.gov.br/sala-de-situacao",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Reservoir Levels",
        "River Flow",
        "Drought Monitoring",
        "Flood Alerts"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Latin America",
      "country": "Brazil",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Paraguay DINAC Meteorological and Hydrological Service",
      "description": "Meteorological and hydrological data for Paraguay including river level monitoring on the Paraguay and Parana rivers, rainfall data, and flood forecasting.",
      "url": "https://www.meteorologia.gov.py",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Levels",
        "Rainfall",
        "Flood Forecasting",
        "Climate"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Latin America",
      "country": "Paraguay",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "La Plata Basin Intergovernmental Coordinating Committee (CIC)",
      "description": "Transboundary water data for the La Plata Basin, the second largest basin in South America, covering Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay with hydrological and environmental data.",
      "url": "https://cicplata.org",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Transboundary",
        "Hydrology",
        "River Flow",
        "Environmental Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Latin America",
      "country": "Multi-country (La Plata Basin)",
      "coverage": "La Plata Basin (5 countries)"
    },
    {
      "name": "IBWC - International Boundary and Water Commission (US-Mexico)",
      "description": "Binational water data for the US-Mexico border region including Rio Grande/Bravo flows, Colorado River deliveries, reservoir storage, water quality, and treaty compliance data.",
      "url": "https://www.ibwc.gov",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Reservoir Storage",
        "Water Quality",
        "Treaty Compliance"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Latin America",
      "country": "Mexico / United States",
      "coverage": "US-Mexico Border Waters"
    },
    {
      "name": "GWI DesalData (Global Water Intelligence)",
      "description": "Comprehensive global database of desalination plants and water reuse facilities, tracking capacity, technology types, project status, and market data for the worldwide desalination industry.",
      "url": "https://www.desaldata.com",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Desalination",
        "Water Reuse",
        "Plant Capacity",
        "Technology"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Paid",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Multi-country",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "ICOLD World Register of Dams",
      "description": "The International Commission on Large Dams maintains the most comprehensive global inventory of large dams with over 58,000 entries covering dam characteristics, reservoir capacities, and purposes.",
      "url": "https://www.icold-cigb.org/article/GB/world_register/world_register_of_dams/world-register-of-dams",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Dam Characteristics",
        "Reservoir Capacity",
        "Dam Purpose",
        "Dam Safety"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Paid",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Multi-country",
      "coverage": "Global (58,000+ dams)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Zambia Water Resources Management Authority (WARMA)",
      "description": "Water resources regulation and monitoring data for Zambia including water permits, dam safety, groundwater data, and catchment management plans from the national water authority.",
      "url": "https://www.warma.org.zm",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Permits",
        "Dam Safety",
        "Groundwater",
        "Catchment Management"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Zambia",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Malawi Department of Water Resources",
      "description": "Water resources data for Malawi including Lake Malawi level monitoring, river flow data, groundwater assessments, and water point mapping from the Department of Water Resources.",
      "url": "https://www.water.gov.mw",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lake Levels",
        "River Flow",
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Point Mapping"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Malawi",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Senegal DGPRE - Groundwater Management Directorate",
      "description": "Groundwater resources management data for Senegal from the Direction de la Gestion et de la Planification des Ressources en Eau, including aquifer monitoring and water point data.",
      "url": "https://www.dgpre.gouv.sn",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater",
        "Aquifer Monitoring",
        "Water Point Data",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Senegal",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "SERVIR Mekong Water Monitoring",
      "description": "NASA-USAID SERVIR program providing satellite-based water monitoring for the Lower Mekong region including flood mapping, reservoir monitoring, and water quality assessment for Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam.",
      "url": "https://servir.adpc.net",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Mapping",
        "Reservoir Monitoring",
        "Water Quality",
        "Satellite Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "country": "Multi-country (Lower Mekong)",
      "coverage": "Lower Mekong Region"
    },
    {
      "name": "Philippines LIDAR Portal for Flood Mapping (Project NOAH)",
      "description": "High-resolution flood hazard maps for the Philippines derived from LIDAR surveys, including storm surge maps, landslide susceptibility, and river basin flood maps for disaster risk reduction.",
      "url": "https://noah.up.edu.ph",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Hazard Maps",
        "LIDAR",
        "Storm Surge",
        "Landslide Susceptibility"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "country": "Philippines",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bolivia SENAMHI - National Meteorology and Hydrology Service",
      "description": "Meteorological and hydrological data for Bolivia including river levels, precipitation, climate data, and early warning information from the national hydrometeorological service.",
      "url": "https://senamhi.gob.bo",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Levels",
        "Precipitation",
        "Climate",
        "Early Warning"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Latin America",
      "country": "Bolivia",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Venezuela INAMEH - National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology",
      "description": "Hydrometeorological data for Venezuela including precipitation, river levels, weather monitoring, and climate data from the national meteorological and hydrological institute.",
      "url": "http://www.inameh.gob.ve",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "River Levels",
        "Climate",
        "Weather Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Latin America",
      "country": "Venezuela",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Desalination and Reuse Map (GWDR)",
      "description": "Interactive global map showing the distribution and capacity of operational desalination plants worldwide, based on published research data covering over 16,000 desalination facilities.",
      "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41545-019-0039-9",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Desalination",
        "Plant Locations",
        "Capacity",
        "Brine Production"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Multi-country",
      "coverage": "Global (16,000+ plants)"
    },
    {
      "name": "ACSAD - Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands Water Resources",
      "description": "Water resources research and data for Arab arid regions from the Arab League's technical organization, covering groundwater, irrigation efficiency, and water harvesting in dry environments.",
      "url": "https://acsad.org",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater",
        "Irrigation",
        "Water Harvesting",
        "Arid Zone Hydrology"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Middle East",
      "country": "Multi-country (Arab States)",
      "coverage": "Arab Region"
    },
    {
      "name": "Lake Victoria Basin Commission (LVBC)",
      "description": "Water resources and environmental data for the Lake Victoria Basin shared by Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania, including water quality monitoring, fisheries data, and basin management information.",
      "url": "https://www.lvbcom.org",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Lake Levels",
        "Fisheries",
        "Basin Management"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "country": "Multi-country (East Africa)",
      "coverage": "Lake Victoria Basin"
    },
    {
      "name": "CEDARE - Centre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe",
      "description": "Environmental and water data for the Arab region and Europe, including water resources assessments, climate adaptation data, and environmental monitoring from this regional knowledge hub.",
      "url": "https://web.cedare.org",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Resources",
        "Climate Adaptation",
        "Environmental Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Middle East",
      "country": "Multi-country",
      "coverage": "Arab Region and Europe"
    },
    {
      "name": "Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) Oceanographic Data",
      "description": "Oceanographic and fisheries data for the Indian Ocean including sea surface temperature, ocean currents, and marine environmental data relevant to water resources in Indian Ocean rim countries.",
      "url": "https://www.iotc.org",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sea Surface Temperature",
        "Ocean Currents",
        "Marine Environment"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Multi-country",
      "coverage": "Indian Ocean"
    },
    {
      "name": "CAZALAC - UNESCO Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Latin America",
      "description": "Water and climate data for arid zones in Latin America from the UNESCO-affiliated center in Chile, including drought monitoring, water scarcity assessments, and desertification data.",
      "url": "https://www.cazalac.org",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drought Monitoring",
        "Water Scarcity",
        "Desertification",
        "Climate"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Latin America",
      "country": "Chile",
      "coverage": "Latin American Arid Zones"
    },
    {
      "name": "GWP-Med Mediterranean Water Knowledge Platform",
      "description": "Water resources data and knowledge for the Mediterranean region from the Global Water Partnership Mediterranean, covering water governance, IWRM, and climate change adaptation.",
      "url": "https://www.gwp.org/en/gwp-mediterranean",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Governance",
        "IWRM",
        "Climate Adaptation",
        "Water Resources"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Multi-country",
      "coverage": "Mediterranean Region"
    },
    {
      "name": "Myanmar Irrigation and Water Utilization Management Department",
      "description": "Irrigation and water management data for Myanmar including dam and reservoir information, irrigation coverage statistics, and canal system data from the irrigation department.",
      "url": "https://www.moali.gov.mm",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Irrigation",
        "Dam Data",
        "Reservoir Data",
        "Canal Systems"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Southeast Asia",
      "country": "Myanmar",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "BfG German Federal Waterways Data (PEGELONLINE)",
      "description": "Real-time and historical water level, discharge, and temperature data from over 500 gauging stations across Germany's federal waterways, operated by the Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG).",
      "url": "https://www.pegelonline.wsv.de/gast/start",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge",
        "Water Temperature",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Germany",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "BfG GRDC (Global Runoff Data Centre)",
      "description": "The world's largest archive of river discharge data from over 10,000 stations in 161 countries. Hosted at the German Federal Institute of Hydrology in Koblenz.",
      "url": "https://portal.grdc.bafg.de/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Discharge",
        "Streamflow",
        "Time Series",
        "Hydrological"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Germany",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "ADES French Groundwater Portal",
      "description": "National portal for groundwater data in France, providing access to piezometric levels, groundwater quality measurements, and hydrogeological information from thousands of monitoring points.",
      "url": "https://ades.eaufrance.fr/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Level",
        "Groundwater Quality",
        "Piezometric Data",
        "Hydrogeology"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "France",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Naiades French Water Quality Database",
      "description": "France's national database for surface water quality data including chemical, biological, and ecological measurements from rivers, lakes, and coastal waters across the country.",
      "url": "https://naiades.eaufrance.fr/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Chemical Analysis",
        "Biological Monitoring",
        "Ecological Status"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "France",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "SAIH Spain Real-Time Hydrological Information",
      "description": "Real-time hydrological data from Spain's Automatic Hydrological Information System, providing river levels, reservoir storage, rainfall, and flow data across all major Spanish river basins.",
      "url": "https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/agua/temas/evaluacion-de-los-recursos-hidricos/saih.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Reservoir Storage",
        "Rainfall",
        "Discharge"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Spain",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Rijkswaterstaat Waterinfo Netherlands",
      "description": "Real-time and historical water data from the Dutch national water authority, including water levels, wave heights, water temperature, salinity, and current velocities across all major Dutch waterways.",
      "url": "https://waterinfo.rws.nl/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Wave Height",
        "Water Temperature",
        "Salinity",
        "Current Velocity"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Waterkwaliteitsportaal Netherlands",
      "description": "Dutch national water quality portal providing chemical, biological, and ecological water quality monitoring data from surface waters and groundwater across the Netherlands.",
      "url": "https://www.waterkwaliteitsportaal.nl/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Chemical Analysis",
        "Biological Monitoring",
        "Ecological Status"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "SMHI Vattenwebb (Swedish Water Web)",
      "description": "Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute's water portal providing modeled and observed hydrological data including runoff, water levels, water temperature, and nutrient loads for Swedish water bodies.",
      "url": "https://vattenwebb.smhi.se/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Runoff",
        "Water Level",
        "Water Temperature",
        "Nutrient Load",
        "Hydrological Model"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Sweden",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "NVE Sildre Norwegian Water Data",
      "description": "Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate's data portal providing real-time and historical water level, discharge, and water temperature data from river and lake stations across Norway.",
      "url": "https://sildre.nve.no/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge",
        "Water Temperature",
        "Time Series"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Norway",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "FMI Finnish Meteorological Institute Open Data",
      "description": "Finland's meteorological institute open data service providing weather, hydrological, and environmental observations including precipitation, water levels, and snow data through WFS/WMS services.",
      "url": "https://en.ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/open-data",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Water Level",
        "Snow",
        "Meteorological",
        "Hydrological"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Finland",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "IMGW Poland Hydrological Data Portal",
      "description": "Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management public data portal providing historical and real-time hydrological observations including water levels, discharge, and precipitation from Polish monitoring stations.",
      "url": "https://hydro.imgw.pl/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge",
        "Precipitation",
        "Hydrological"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Poland",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "OOVV Czech Hydrological Data",
      "description": "Czech Hydrometeorological Institute water portal providing real-time river discharge, water levels, water temperature, and ice condition data for Czech Republic waterways.",
      "url": "https://hydro.chmi.cz/hpps/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge",
        "Water Temperature",
        "Ice Conditions"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Czech Republic",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "SHMU Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute",
      "description": "Slovakia's national hydrometeorological service providing water level, discharge, groundwater level, and water quality data from monitoring stations across Slovakia.",
      "url": "https://www.shmu.sk/en/?page=1&id=hydro_informacie",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge",
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Slovakia",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "VITUKI Hungary Water Research Institute",
      "description": "Hungarian water research institute's data portal providing hydrological, water quality, and groundwater data for Hungarian water bodies including the Danube and Tisza river basins.",
      "url": "https://www.vizugy.hu/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge",
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Hungary",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "eHYD Austria Hydrological Data",
      "description": "Austrian Federal Ministry's hydrological data portal providing water level, discharge, groundwater level, precipitation, and water temperature data from monitoring stations across Austria.",
      "url": "https://ehyd.gv.at/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge",
        "Groundwater Level",
        "Precipitation",
        "Water Temperature"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Austria",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "BAFG German Federal Waterways Hydrological Data",
      "description": "Undine flood information portal of the German Federal Institute of Hydrology providing comprehensive historical flood data and long-term hydrological time series for major German rivers.",
      "url": "https://undine.bafg.de/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Data",
        "Historical Hydrology",
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Germany",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Japan National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) Water Database",
      "description": "Japan's NIES provides environmental monitoring data including water quality of Japanese lakes and rivers, aquatic ecosystem assessments, and long-term environmental change datasets.",
      "url": "https://www.nies.go.jp/igreen/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Lake Monitoring",
        "River Monitoring",
        "Environmental Change"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "country": "Japan",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Japan Meteorological Agency AMeDAS Precipitation Network",
      "description": "JMA's Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) provides 10-minute interval precipitation, temperature, and weather data from approximately 1,300 stations across Japan.",
      "url": "https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/index.php",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Temperature",
        "Wind",
        "Humidity",
        "High-frequency Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "country": "Japan",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Taiwan Water Resources Agency Hydrological Data",
      "description": "Taiwan's Water Resources Agency providing real-time and historical hydrological data including river water levels, dam storage, rainfall, and groundwater levels across Taiwan.",
      "url": "https://www.wra.gov.tw/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Dam Storage",
        "Rainfall",
        "Groundwater Level"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "country": "Taiwan",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Taiwan EPA Water Quality Monitoring",
      "description": "Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration's water quality monitoring network providing real-time and historical data on river water quality, drinking water sources, and marine water quality.",
      "url": "https://wq.moenv.gov.tw/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "River Monitoring",
        "Drinking Water Quality",
        "Marine Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "country": "Taiwan",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Water Footprint Network Data",
      "description": "Global database of water footprint assessments including green, blue, and grey water footprints of agricultural and industrial products, national water footprint accounts, and water scarcity indicators.",
      "url": "https://www.waterfootprint.org/resources/interactive-tools/product-gallery/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Footprint",
        "Virtual Water",
        "Water Scarcity",
        "Agricultural Water Use"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "AQUASTAT Global Water Information System",
      "description": "FAO's global information system on water resources and agricultural water management. Provides country-level data on water withdrawal, irrigation area, wastewater, and water use efficiency for 200+ countries.",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/databases/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Withdrawal",
        "Irrigation",
        "Wastewater",
        "Water Use Efficiency",
        "Country Profiles"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "ICID Irrigation and Drainage Database",
      "description": "International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage maintains databases on irrigated agriculture worldwide, including country profiles on irrigation area, drainage infrastructure, and water management practices.",
      "url": "https://www.icid.org/icid_data.html",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Irrigation",
        "Drainage",
        "Agricultural Water",
        "Country Profiles"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "IWA Water Loss Specialist Group Resources",
      "description": "International Water Association's Water Loss Specialist Group provides benchmarking data, tools, and resources on non-revenue water (NRW), including the CARL/UARL methodology and water loss indicators worldwide.",
      "url": "https://iwa-network.org/groups/water-loss/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Non-Revenue Water",
        "Water Loss",
        "NRW Benchmarking",
        "Infrastructure Leakage Index"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "GWI Global Water Intelligence Data",
      "description": "Global Water Intelligence provides data and analysis on the water industry including desalination, reuse, tariffs, and utility benchmarking. The Desal Data platform tracks 20,000+ desalination plants worldwide.",
      "url": "https://www.globalwaterintel.com/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Tariffs",
        "Desalination",
        "Water Reuse",
        "Industry Analysis"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Paid",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "GFZ ICGEM Gravity Field Models",
      "description": "GFZ International Centre for Global Earth Models provides comprehensive gravity field models from GRACE, GRACE-FO and other missions, with tools for computing geoid heights and gravity anomalies relevant to hydrological mass changes.",
      "url": "http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/home",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Gravity Field Models",
        "Geoid",
        "Mass Change",
        "Hydrological Signal"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Germany",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "ESA CCI Inland Waters",
      "description": "ESA Climate Change Initiative producing long-term, consistent time series of lake water level, water extent, and water quality from multiple satellite missions for 2,000+ lakes worldwide.",
      "url": "https://climate.esa.int/en/projects/lakes/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lake Water Level",
        "Water Extent",
        "Lake Surface Temperature",
        "Lake Ice Cover"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Landsat Collection 2 Water Index Products",
      "description": "USGS Landsat Collection 2 Level-2 surface reflectance products enable computation of water indices (NDWI, MNDWI) for mapping surface water bodies from 1984 to present at 30m resolution.",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-collection-2",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Reflectance",
        "Water Index",
        "Surface Water Mapping",
        "Satellite Imagery"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Jason-3 / Sentinel-6 Radar Altimetry for Rivers and Lakes",
      "description": "EUMETSAT and NASA provide radar altimetry data from the Jason and Sentinel-6 missions, used to derive water surface heights for large rivers, lakes, and reservoirs from space.",
      "url": "https://www.eumetsat.int/jason-3",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Radar Altimetry",
        "Water Surface Height",
        "River Level",
        "Lake Level"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Hydroweb Satellite Altimetry for Inland Waters (LEGOS/CNES)",
      "description": "LEGOS/CNES Hydroweb provides satellite altimetry-derived water levels for approximately 1,000 lakes, reservoirs, and 11,000 river reaches worldwide, using multi-mission data since 1992.",
      "url": "https://hydroweb.theia-land.fr/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Lake Water Level",
        "River Water Level",
        "Reservoir Level",
        "Satellite Altimetry"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "France",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "IHE Delft Water Research Data",
      "description": "IHE Delft Institute for Water Education produces research data on water management, hydroinformatics, sanitation, and water governance. Their data portal includes datasets from global water research projects.",
      "url": "https://www.un-ihe.org/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Management",
        "Hydroinformatics",
        "Sanitation",
        "Water Governance"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Stanford Woods Institute Water Data",
      "description": "Stanford University's Water in the West program and Woods Institute for the Environment produce datasets and tools for western US water management, including groundwater sustainability and drought analysis.",
      "url": "https://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater",
        "Drought Analysis",
        "Water Policy",
        "Western US Water"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Regional"
    },
    {
      "name": "MIT Global Change Water Systems Data",
      "description": "MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change produces datasets on water systems under climate change, including global water demand projections and water stress assessments.",
      "url": "https://globalchange.mit.edu/research/research-tools/water-systems",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Demand Projections",
        "Water Stress",
        "Climate Change Impact",
        "Global Modeling"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Open Weather Map Precipitation & Weather API",
      "description": "Global weather API providing current weather, forecasts, and historical data including precipitation, humidity, and related parameters. Free tier available with API key registration.",
      "url": "https://openweathermap.org/api",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Precipitation",
        "Weather",
        "Temperature",
        "Humidity",
        "Forecast"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "API Key Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Open-Meteo Free Weather & Hydrology API",
      "description": "Open-source weather and hydrological API providing global forecast and historical data including precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, river discharge forecasts, and flood alerts without API key requirements.",
      "url": "https://open-meteo.com/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Weather Forecast",
        "Precipitation",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "River Discharge Forecast",
        "Evapotranspiration"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "UK National River Flow Archive (NRFA)",
      "description": "The UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology maintains the National River Flow Archive with daily mean flow data for over 1,500 UK gauging stations, many with records exceeding 50 years.",
      "url": "https://nrfa.ceh.ac.uk/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Discharge",
        "Daily Mean Flow",
        "Peak Flow",
        "Gauging Station Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "United Kingdom",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "GRDC Long-Term Statistics of River Discharge",
      "description": "Computed long-term mean monthly discharge statistics from GRDC stations worldwide, useful for water availability assessments and hydrological modeling without requiring registration for summary data.",
      "url": "https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/02_srvcs/21_tmsrs/211_ltdata/longtermdata_node.html",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Mean Monthly Discharge",
        "Hydrological Statistics",
        "River Flow"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Germany",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "ICOLD World Register of Dams",
      "description": "International Commission on Large Dams maintains a world register with data on over 58,000 large dams worldwide, including technical specifications, purposes, and geographical locations.",
      "url": "https://www.icold-cigb.org/GB/world_register/world_register_of_dams.asp",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Dams",
        "Reservoir",
        "Dam Specifications",
        "Hydropower"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Paid",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Wastewater Treatment Plants (HydroWASTE) v1.0",
      "description": "Database of over 58,000 wastewater treatment plants globally with attributes including treatment level, design capacity, actual treated volume, and receiving water body information.",
      "url": "https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/HydroWASTE_version_1_0/14847786",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Wastewater Treatment",
        "WWTP",
        "Effluent",
        "Treatment Capacity"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Water Security & Sanitation Partnership (World Bank)",
      "description": "World Bank GWSP provides data, reports, and analysis on global water security, sanitation economics, and water supply investments, supporting evidence-based water sector interventions.",
      "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/global-water-security-sanitation-partnership",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Security",
        "Sanitation",
        "Water Economics",
        "Investment Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "European Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive Data",
      "description": "EEA database on urban wastewater treatment compliance across EU member states, including treatment plant data, discharge points, sensitive areas, and treatment levels for major agglomerations.",
      "url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/waterbase-uwwtd-urban-waste-water-treatment-directive-8",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Wastewater Treatment",
        "Urban Water",
        "Treatment Compliance",
        "Discharge Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Continental"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Water Price Survey (GWI)",
      "description": "Global Water Intelligence's annual survey of water and wastewater tariffs in 600+ cities worldwide, tracking trends in water pricing and affordability.",
      "url": "https://www.globalwaterintel.com/global-water-tariff-survey",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Tariffs",
        "Water Pricing",
        "Wastewater Charges",
        "Affordability"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Paid",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Flood Monitor (Dartmouth / Cloud to Street)",
      "description": "Near-real-time global flood detection and monitoring using satellite imagery, providing flood extent maps, affected population estimates, and historical flood event data since 1985.",
      "url": "https://www.globalfloodmonitor.org/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Extent",
        "Flood Events",
        "Satellite Detection",
        "Affected Population"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ireland EPA Hydronet Water Level Data",
      "description": "Ireland's EPA real-time hydrometric data network providing water level and flow data from river and lake gauging stations across Ireland through the Hydronet portal.",
      "url": "https://epawebapp.epa.ie/hydronet/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "River Flow",
        "Lake Level",
        "Real-time Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Ireland",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Swiss Federal Office for the Environment Hydrology Data",
      "description": "BAFU/FOEN provides real-time and historical hydrological data from Swiss rivers and lakes including water levels, discharge, and temperature at over 260 stations.",
      "url": "https://www.hydrodaten.admin.ch/en",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge",
        "Water Temperature",
        "Hydrological"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Switzerland",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "WISE Water Information System for Europe",
      "description": "European Environment Agency's comprehensive water information portal integrating water quality, quantity, and ecological status data from all EU member states under the Water Framework Directive.",
      "url": "https://water.europa.eu/freshwater",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Ecological Status",
        "Water Bodies",
        "EU Water Framework"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Continental"
    },
    {
      "name": "GRDC Global Freshwater Fluxes into the Oceans",
      "description": "Dataset of continental freshwater discharge to the world's oceans derived from GRDC station data, providing monthly estimates for major river basins and coastal segments globally.",
      "url": "https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/02_srvcs/22_gsmrn/gsmrn_node.html",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Freshwater Discharge",
        "Ocean Inflow",
        "Continental Runoff",
        "River Basin"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Germany",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Japan Geospatial Information Authority (GSI) Flood Maps",
      "description": "Japan's Geospatial Information Authority provides detailed flood hazard maps, inundation area data, and elevation data critical for flood risk management across Japanese municipalities.",
      "url": "https://disaportal.gsi.go.jp/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Hazard Maps",
        "Inundation Area",
        "Elevation",
        "Risk Assessment"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "country": "Japan",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Korea Environment Corporation Water Quality Monitoring (KECO)",
      "description": "South Korea's real-time water quality monitoring system providing continuous data on pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, chlorophyll, and nutrient levels from automated monitoring stations in major rivers and lakes.",
      "url": "https://www.keco.or.kr/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Quality",
        "Real-time Monitoring",
        "Dissolved Oxygen",
        "Nutrient Levels"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Irrigation Map (GMIA v5 - FAO/IIASA)",
      "description": "Global Map of Irrigation Areas version 5 at 5 arc-minute resolution, showing the area equipped for irrigation around the year 2005, jointly produced by FAO and University of Frankfurt.",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/aquastat/en/geospatial-information/global-maps-irrigated-areas/latest-version",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Irrigation Area",
        "Agricultural Water",
        "Geospatial",
        "Land Use"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Copernicus Emergency Management Service Water Level Observations",
      "description": "CEMS provides near-real-time satellite-based water level observations for European rivers using Copernicus contributing missions, supporting flood forecasting and water resource monitoring.",
      "url": "https://www.efas.eu/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Flood Forecasting",
        "River Monitoring",
        "Satellite Observations"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Continental"
    },
    {
      "name": "SRTM Water Body Data (SWBD)",
      "description": "Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Water Body Dataset providing a comprehensive delineation of ocean, lake, and river shorelines at ~30m resolution derived from the 2000 SRTM radar data.",
      "url": "https://www.usgs.gov/centers/eros/science/usgs-eros-archive-digital-elevation-shuttle-radar-topography-mission-water",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Bodies",
        "Shoreline",
        "DEM",
        "Surface Water Extent"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Historical Streamflow Database (GHSD)",
      "description": "Compilation of historical streamflow records from multiple national agencies providing daily discharge time series for thousands of stations with many records exceeding 100 years.",
      "url": "https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/01_GRDC/13_dtbse/database_node.html",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Historical Streamflow",
        "Daily Discharge",
        "Long-term Records",
        "Hydrological"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Germany",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Romania National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management",
      "description": "Romania's INHGA provides real-time and historical hydrological data including water levels, discharge, and flood warnings for Romanian rivers and the Danube basin.",
      "url": "https://www.inhga.ro/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge",
        "Flood Warning",
        "Hydrological"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Romania",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Serbia Hydrometeorological Service",
      "description": "Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia providing hydrological monitoring data including river water levels, discharge, and water temperature for Serbian waterways including the Danube and its tributaries.",
      "url": "https://www.hidmet.gov.rs/eng/hidrologija/index.php",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge",
        "Water Temperature",
        "Hydrological"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Serbia",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "NASA SWOT (Surface Water and Ocean Topography) Data Portal",
      "description": "SWOT satellite mission data providing high-resolution measurements of water surface elevation for lakes, reservoirs, and rivers globally, launched December 2022.",
      "url": "https://swot.jpl.nasa.gov/science/hydrology/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Surface Elevation",
        "Lake Level",
        "River Width",
        "Discharge Estimation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "United States",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aqueduct Water Risk Atlas (WRI)",
      "description": "World Resources Institute's Aqueduct tool mapping and analyzing current and future water risks including water stress, flood risk, and drought severity at sub-basin level globally.",
      "url": "https://www.wri.org/aqueduct",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Stress",
        "Flood Risk",
        "Drought Risk",
        "Water Supply/Demand"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "KNMI Climate Explorer",
      "description": "Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute's web-based tool for analyzing climate and hydrological time series data, including precipitation, river discharge, and drought indices with statistical analysis capabilities.",
      "url": "https://climexp.knmi.nl/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Analysis",
        "Precipitation",
        "Drought Indices",
        "Statistical Tools"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Netherlands",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bulgaria NIMH Hydrological Data",
      "description": "Bulgaria's National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology provides water level, discharge, and water temperature data for Bulgarian rivers and the Danube. Historical records available since the early 20th century.",
      "url": "https://hydro.bg/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge",
        "Water Temperature",
        "Historical Records"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Bulgaria",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Latvia LVGMC Hydrological Data",
      "description": "Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre provides water level, discharge, and water quality data from Latvian river and groundwater monitoring stations.",
      "url": "https://www.meteo.lv/en/hidrologijas-dati/",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge",
        "Water Quality",
        "Groundwater"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "Latvia",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Technology (KICT) Water Data",
      "description": "KICT's Department of Land, Water and Environment Research provides specialized Korean water resources data including flood forecasting models, river hydraulics, and water infrastructure performance data.",
      "url": "https://www.kict.re.kr/eng/",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Forecasting",
        "River Hydraulics",
        "Water Infrastructure",
        "Engineering Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "country": "South Korea",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "JRC European Drought Observatory (EDO) Data",
      "description": "European Commission Joint Research Centre drought observatory providing standardized precipitation index, soil moisture anomalies, and combined drought indicator maps for Europe, updated regularly.",
      "url": "https://edo.jrc.ec.europa.eu/edov2/php/index.php?id=1000",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Drought Index",
        "Soil Moisture Anomaly",
        "Precipitation Index",
        "Combined Drought Indicator"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Europe",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Continental"
    },
    {
      "name": "SMOS Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity Data (ESA)",
      "description": "ESA's Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission provides global soil moisture maps at ~50km resolution and sea surface salinity measurements, critical for water cycle research.",
      "url": "https://earth.esa.int/eogateway/missions/smos/data",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Ocean Salinity",
        "Water Cycle",
        "Microwave Radiometry"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Gujarat Water Data Portal (Narmada Water Resources and Water Supply Department)",
      "description": "Water resources data for Gujarat state covering dam storage levels, Narmada canal operations, groundwater levels, and water supply infrastructure across the state's semi-arid regions.",
      "url": "https://guj-nwrws.gujarat.gov.in",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Dam Storage",
        "Canal Operations",
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Supply"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Gujarat State"
    },
    {
      "name": "Madhya Pradesh Water Resources Department Data Portal",
      "description": "Hydrological data for Madhya Pradesh state including dam and reservoir storage, river flows, and water level data for major basins like the Narmada, Chambal, Betwa, and Son rivers.",
      "url": "https://www.mpwrd.gov.in",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Dam Storage",
        "River Flow",
        "Water Level",
        "Reservoir Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Madhya Pradesh State"
    },
    {
      "name": "NSW WaterInsights (New South Wales, Australia)",
      "description": "New South Wales government water data platform providing real-time dam storage levels, river flow data, water quality monitoring, and water sharing plan information for NSW water sources.",
      "url": "https://waterinsights.waternsw.com.au",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Dam Storage",
        "River Flow",
        "Water Quality",
        "Water Allocation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "New South Wales"
    },
    {
      "name": "Ontario Provincial Groundwater Monitoring Information System (PGMIS)",
      "description": "Ontario Ministry of the Environment's groundwater monitoring network providing water level and water quality data from provincial monitoring wells across Ontario, Canada.",
      "url": "https://www.ontario.ca/page/map-well-records",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Level",
        "Water Quality",
        "Well Records",
        "Aquifer Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "Ontario Province"
    },
    {
      "name": "South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People (SANDRP)",
      "description": "Independent research and advocacy organization providing data and analysis on dams, rivers, and water resources across South Asia, including dam safety records, environmental flow assessments, and flood data compilations.",
      "url": "https://sandrp.in",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Dam Data",
        "River Flow",
        "Flood Analysis",
        "Environmental Flow"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "South Asia"
    },
    {
      "name": "BC Water Resources Atlas (British Columbia)",
      "description": "British Columbia's water resources mapping tool providing data on water wells, aquifers, water licences, streamflow stations, and water quality monitoring locations across the province.",
      "url": "https://governmentofbc.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=b53cb0bf3f6848e79d66ffd09b74f00d",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Wells",
        "Aquifer Maps",
        "Water Licences",
        "Streamflow"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "British Columbia Province"
    },
    {
      "name": "Alberta River Basins Water Data (Alberta Environment)",
      "description": "Real-time and historical water data for Alberta's major river basins including the North Saskatchewan, South Saskatchewan, Bow, Athabasca, and Peace rivers with flow, level, and water quality data.",
      "url": "https://rivers.alberta.ca",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Water Level",
        "Water Quality",
        "Real-time Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "Alberta Province"
    },
    {
      "name": "Murray-Darling Basin Authority River Murray Data",
      "description": "Comprehensive water data for Australia's Murray-Darling Basin including river flows, storage levels, water trade data, and environmental water delivery tracking for Australia's most important agricultural basin.",
      "url": "https://riverdata.mdba.gov.au",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Storage Levels",
        "Water Trade",
        "Environmental Water"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "Murray-Darling Basin"
    },
    {
      "name": "China National Hydrological Information Portal (Hydroinfo)",
      "description": "China's national real-time hydrological information system providing water level, discharge, and rainfall data from thousands of monitoring stations across major Chinese river basins.",
      "url": "http://xxfb.mwr.cn/sq_djdh.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Level",
        "Discharge",
        "Rainfall",
        "Flood Warning"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "country": "China",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Quebec Hydrological Data Centre (Centre d'expertise hydrique du Quebec - CEHQ)",
      "description": "Quebec government hydrological data centre providing streamflow measurements, water level data, and hydrological atlases for Quebec's rivers and lakes across the province.",
      "url": "https://www.cehq.gouv.qc.ca/hydrometrie/index.htm",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Water Level",
        "Hydrological Atlas",
        "Station Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "Quebec Province"
    },
    {
      "name": "Karnataka State Natural Disaster Monitoring Centre (KSNDMC) Hydrology",
      "description": "Real-time hydrometeorological data from Karnataka state including rainfall, reservoir levels, groundwater levels, and weather station data from an extensive network of automated weather stations.",
      "url": "https://www.ksndmc.org",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rainfall",
        "Reservoir Levels",
        "Groundwater",
        "Weather Station"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Karnataka State"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) Hydrogeological Data",
      "description": "Historical hydrogeological surveys and groundwater assessment data for Pacific Island countries, now integrated into SPC's Geoscience Division, including atoll freshwater lens characterization.",
      "url": "https://www.spc.int/resource-centre",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrogeology",
        "Groundwater Assessment",
        "Atoll Freshwater",
        "Water Resources"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Multi-country (Pacific Islands)",
      "coverage": "Pacific Island Region"
    },
    {
      "name": "Queensland Government Water Monitoring Information Portal",
      "description": "Queensland's water monitoring portal providing real-time and historical data on streamflow, dam levels, water quality, and groundwater from monitoring stations across the state.",
      "url": "https://water-monitoring.information.qld.gov.au",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Dam Levels",
        "Water Quality",
        "Groundwater"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "Queensland State"
    },
    {
      "name": "IAEA GNIR - Global Network of Isotopes in Rivers",
      "description": "IAEA network providing stable isotope data (oxygen-18 and deuterium) in river water, used for understanding water sources, mixing processes, and residence times in river basins worldwide.",
      "url": "https://www.iaea.org/services/networks/gnir",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Isotopes",
        "Oxygen-18",
        "Deuterium",
        "Water Tracing"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Multi-country",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "IAEA GNIP - Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation",
      "description": "IAEA/WMO global database of stable isotope (deuterium and oxygen-18) and tritium measurements in precipitation, essential for tracing water origin, recharge processes, and hydrological connectivity.",
      "url": "https://www.iaea.org/services/networks/gnip",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Isotope Data",
        "Deuterium",
        "Oxygen-18",
        "Tritium",
        "Precipitation Chemistry"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Multi-country",
      "coverage": "Global (1,000+ stations)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Victoria Water Measurement Information System (WMIS)",
      "description": "Victorian government's water monitoring portal providing real-time and historical streamflow, water level, water quality, and groundwater data from monitoring stations across Victoria, Australia.",
      "url": "https://data.water.vic.gov.au",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "Water Level",
        "Water Quality",
        "Groundwater"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "Victoria State"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pacific Community (SPC) GeoScience Division - Water Resources",
      "description": "Pacific Community's applied geoscience division providing water resources assessment data for Pacific Island nations including groundwater surveys, freshwater lens mapping, and water supply assessments.",
      "url": "https://gem.spc.int",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater",
        "Freshwater Lens",
        "Water Supply Assessment",
        "Island Hydrology"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Multi-country (Pacific Islands)",
      "coverage": "Pacific Island Region"
    },
    {
      "name": "CAWater-Info Central Asian Water Information Portal",
      "description": "Scientific-information center of the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination of Central Asia, providing water resources data, reports, and datasets for the Amu Darya and Syr Darya river basins.",
      "url": "http://www.cawater-info.net",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Resources",
        "River Flow",
        "Irrigation",
        "Water Allocation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Central Asia",
      "country": "Multi-country (Central Asia)",
      "coverage": "Central Asian Republics"
    },
    {
      "name": "International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea (IFAS)",
      "description": "Data and information on the Aral Sea crisis from the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (ICWC), including water allocation data, Amu Darya and Syr Darya river flows, and basin management information.",
      "url": "https://aral.uz",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Allocation",
        "River Flow",
        "Basin Management",
        "Aral Sea Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Central Asia",
      "country": "Multi-country (Central Asia)",
      "coverage": "Aral Sea Basin"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pacific Climate Change Science Program Data Portal",
      "description": "Climate projection data for 15 Pacific Island countries and territories, including rainfall projections, sea level rise scenarios, drought frequency, and extreme weather event forecasting relevant to water resources.",
      "url": "https://www.pacificclimatechangescience.org",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Projections",
        "Rainfall Projections",
        "Sea Level Rise",
        "Drought Forecasting"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Multi-country (Pacific Islands)",
      "coverage": "15 Pacific Island Countries"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kazakhstan National Hydrometeorological Service (Kazhydromet)",
      "description": "Kazakhstan's national hydrometeorological monitoring data including river flow, lake levels (including the Aral Sea remnants and Lake Balkhash), precipitation, and snow water equivalent data.",
      "url": "https://www.kazhydromet.kz",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Lake Levels",
        "Precipitation",
        "Snow Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Central Asia",
      "country": "Kazakhstan",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Pacific-Australia Climate Change Science and Adaptation Planning (PACCSAP)",
      "description": "Climate data products and water resource projections for Pacific Island nations developed through Australian-funded research, including downscaled climate scenarios and freshwater availability forecasts.",
      "url": "https://www.pacificclimatechange.net",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Scenarios",
        "Water Projections",
        "Adaptation Planning",
        "Downscaled Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Multi-country (Pacific Islands)",
      "coverage": "Pacific Island Region"
    },
    {
      "name": "Uttar Pradesh Irrigation and Water Resources Department Portal",
      "description": "Water resources data for Uttar Pradesh covering major canal systems (Ganges, Sharda, Upper Yamuna), dam storage, flood monitoring, and groundwater data for India's most populous state.",
      "url": "https://idup.gov.in",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Canal Systems",
        "Dam Storage",
        "Flood Monitoring",
        "Groundwater"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Uttar Pradesh State"
    },
    {
      "name": "Telangana State Irrigation and CAD Department Water Data",
      "description": "Water resources data for Telangana state including major project storage levels (Nagarjuna Sagar, Srisailam, Jurala), medium and minor irrigation project data, and groundwater monitoring.",
      "url": "https://irrigation.telangana.gov.in",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Reservoir Storage",
        "Irrigation Projects",
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Level"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Telangana State"
    },
    {
      "name": "Uzbekistan Hydrometeorological Service (Uzhydromet)",
      "description": "Uzbekistan's hydrometeorological monitoring providing data on river flows in the Amu Darya and Syr Darya basins, irrigation water delivery, precipitation, and Aral Sea region environmental monitoring.",
      "url": "https://www.meteo.uz",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Irrigation",
        "Precipitation",
        "Environmental Monitoring"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Central Asia",
      "country": "Uzbekistan",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kiribati Meteorological Service Climate Data",
      "description": "Climate and weather data for Kiribati including rainfall, sea level, and drought monitoring critical for water resources on this low-lying atoll nation highly vulnerable to climate change.",
      "url": "https://www.met.gov.ki",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rainfall",
        "Sea Level",
        "Drought Monitoring",
        "Climate Records"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Kiribati",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Canadian Groundwater Information Network (GIN)",
      "description": "National groundwater data portal managed by Natural Resources Canada, providing access to groundwater well data, aquifer maps, and groundwater level monitoring data across Canadian provinces.",
      "url": "https://gin.gw-info.net",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater",
        "Well Data",
        "Aquifer Maps",
        "Groundwater Level"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "South Australia Water Data (Department for Environment and Water)",
      "description": "South Australia's water monitoring data including surface water flows, groundwater levels, water quality, and Murray River data from the Department for Environment and Water.",
      "url": "https://water.data.sa.gov.au",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Surface Water",
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Quality",
        "Murray River"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "South Australia"
    },
    {
      "name": "UNESCO-IHP ISARM Programme (Internationally Shared Aquifer Resources Management)",
      "description": "UNESCO International Hydrological Programme's initiative mapping and characterizing transboundary aquifer systems worldwide, with inventories for Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe.",
      "url": "https://isarm.org",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Transboundary Aquifers",
        "Hydrogeology",
        "International Law",
        "Aquifer Inventory"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Multi-country",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "IBAT Integrated Biodiversity Assessment Tool - Freshwater",
      "description": "IUCN's biodiversity assessment tool providing data on Key Biodiversity Areas, protected areas, and IUCN Red List species in freshwater ecosystems, supporting environmental impact assessments.",
      "url": "https://www.ibat-alliance.org",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Biodiversity",
        "Freshwater Ecosystems",
        "Protected Areas",
        "Red List Species"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Multi-country",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Manitoba Hydrologic Forecast Centre",
      "description": "Manitoba's hydrological forecasting service providing flood forecasts, river level data, ice conditions, and soil moisture data for Manitoba's rivers including the Red River and Assiniboine River.",
      "url": "https://www.gov.mb.ca/mit/floodinfo/index.html",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Forecasting",
        "River Levels",
        "Ice Conditions",
        "Soil Moisture"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "Manitoba Province"
    },
    {
      "name": "IDA Desalination Yearbook / IDA Water Security Handbook",
      "description": "International Desalination Association's comprehensive database of global desalination capacity, project data, technology breakdowns, and market analysis for the desalination and water reuse industry.",
      "url": "https://idadesal.org",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Desalination Capacity",
        "Technology",
        "Market Data",
        "Plant Database"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Paid",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Multi-country",
      "coverage": "Global"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kyrgyzstan Hydrometeorology Agency (Kyrgyzhydromet)",
      "description": "Kyrgyz national hydrometeorological service monitoring water resources in the Syr Darya headwaters, Issyk-Kul Lake, glacier-fed rivers, and high-altitude snow/ice data critical for downstream Central Asian water supply.",
      "url": "https://meteo.kg",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Lake Monitoring",
        "Glacier Data",
        "Snow/Ice"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Central Asia",
      "country": "Kyrgyzstan",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Urban Water Demand Database (AQUASTAT/UN-Habitat)",
      "description": "UN-Habitat and FAO jointly compiled data on urban water demand patterns, per capita water consumption, non-revenue water losses, and municipal water supply efficiency for cities worldwide.",
      "url": "https://data.unhabitat.org/pages/water-and-sanitation",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Urban Water Demand",
        "Per Capita Consumption",
        "Water Supply Efficiency",
        "Municipal Water"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "country": "Multi-country",
      "coverage": "Global Urban Areas"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tajikistan Agency on Hydrometeorology (Tajik Hydromet)",
      "description": "Tajikistan's national hydrometeorological service providing river flow data for the Amu Darya headwaters, glacier monitoring data, snow water equivalent, and climate data for Central Asia's water tower.",
      "url": "https://www.meteo.tj",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Flow",
        "Glacier Monitoring",
        "Snow Water Equivalent",
        "Climate"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "Central Asia",
      "country": "Tajikistan",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "China National Groundwater Monitoring Network",
      "description": "China's national groundwater monitoring system operated by the China Geological Survey, providing groundwater level and quality data from over 20,000 monitoring wells across all Chinese provinces.",
      "url": "https://www.cgs.gov.cn",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Level",
        "Groundwater Quality",
        "Monitoring Wells",
        "Aquifer Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "country": "China",
      "coverage": "National (20,000+ wells)"
    },
    {
      "name": "Western Australia Department of Water and Environmental Regulation Data",
      "description": "Water resources data for Western Australia including groundwater level monitoring, surface water flows, water allocation plans, and water quality data from the state's monitoring network.",
      "url": "https://water.wa.gov.au",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater Level",
        "Surface Water",
        "Water Allocation",
        "Water Quality"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Australia",
      "coverage": "Western Australia"
    },
    {
      "name": "Bihar Water Resources Department Flood Data (India)",
      "description": "Flood monitoring data for Bihar state including real-time river levels for the Ganga, Kosi, Gandak, and other flood-prone rivers, dam operations, and flood damage assessment data.",
      "url": "https://wrd.bihar.gov.in",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Monitoring",
        "River Levels",
        "Dam Operations",
        "Flood Damage"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "South Asia",
      "country": "India",
      "coverage": "Bihar State"
    },
    {
      "name": "China Three Gorges Corporation Hydrological Data",
      "description": "Hydrological and reservoir operations data from the Three Gorges Dam and associated cascade reservoirs on the Yangtze River, including water level, inflow, outflow, and power generation data.",
      "url": "https://www.ctg.com.cn",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Reservoir Operations",
        "Water Level",
        "Inflow/Outflow",
        "Hydropower Generation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Limited",
      "region": "East Asia",
      "country": "China",
      "coverage": "Three Gorges and Yangtze Cascade"
    },
    {
      "name": "Tonga Meteorological Service Water Resources Data",
      "description": "Tonga's meteorological service providing rainfall data, tropical cyclone monitoring, and climate records relevant to water resources management for the Kingdom of Tonga's island groups.",
      "url": "https://www.met.gov.to",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Rainfall",
        "Tropical Cyclone",
        "Climate Records",
        "Weather Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Oceania",
      "country": "Tonga",
      "coverage": "National"
    },
    {
      "name": "Saskatchewan Water Security Agency Data",
      "description": "Saskatchewan's provincial water agency providing data on surface water allocations, groundwater resources, watershed health assessments, and dam safety information for the Canadian prairies.",
      "url": "https://www.wsask.ca",
      "category": "Government",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Allocation",
        "Groundwater",
        "Watershed Health",
        "Dam Safety"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "North America",
      "country": "Canada",
      "coverage": "Saskatchewan Province"
    },
    {
      "name": "TerraClimate Global Climate and Water Balance",
      "description": "University of Idaho high-resolution monthly climate and water balance dataset for global terrestrial surfaces from 1958-present",
      "url": "https://www.climatologylab.org/terraclimate.html",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Data",
        "Water Balance",
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Soil Moisture",
        "Precipitation"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global terrestrial surfaces, monthly 1958-present"
    },
    {
      "name": "HESS - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Open Data",
      "description": "Copernicus open-access journal providing supplementary hydrological datasets and model outputs from published research",
      "url": "https://www.hydrology-and-earth-system-sciences.net/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrology",
        "Research Data",
        "Model Output"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global hydrological research data"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Streamflow Indices and Metadata Archive (GSIM)",
      "description": "Largest global collection of streamflow indices covering over 35,000 stations worldwide for trend analysis and model validation",
      "url": "https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.887470",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "River Flow",
        "Hydrological Indices",
        "Historical Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "35,000+ stations worldwide"
    },
    {
      "name": "CaMa-Flood Global River Model (U Tokyo)",
      "description": "University of Tokyo global river routing model providing flood inundation, water level and discharge at high resolution",
      "url": "https://hydro.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~yamadai/cama-flood/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Modeling",
        "River Routing",
        "Water Levels",
        "Discharge"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global river flood dynamics"
    },
    {
      "name": "PCR-GLOBWB Global Hydrological Model Output",
      "description": "Utrecht University global hydrological model providing discharge, groundwater, water use and water scarcity data",
      "url": "https://globalhydrology.nl/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Hydrological Modeling",
        "Groundwater",
        "Water Scarcity",
        "Discharge"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global hydrological simulations"
    },
    {
      "name": "GRDC Global Sediment Database",
      "description": "Global database of suspended sediment concentrations and fluxes in rivers maintained by the German Federal Institute of Hydrology",
      "url": "https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/04_spcldtbss/43_GSD/gsd_node.html",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Sediment Transport",
        "River Data",
        "Suspended Sediment"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global river sediment data"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Groundwater Information System (GGIS) - IGRAC",
      "description": "UNESCO-IGRAC global groundwater information system providing transboundary aquifer maps, groundwater monitoring data and country profiles",
      "url": "https://ggis.un-igrac.org/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Groundwater",
        "Aquifer Maps",
        "Transboundary Water",
        "Monitoring Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global groundwater and aquifer data"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Dam Watch",
      "description": "Comprehensive platform integrating data on global dam construction, river fragmentation, and environmental impacts",
      "url": "https://www.globaldamwatch.org/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Dam Data",
        "River Fragmentation",
        "Environmental Impact"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global dam inventory and river fragmentation"
    },
    {
      "name": "MERIT Hydro Global Hydrography Dataset",
      "description": "High-accuracy global hydrography dataset derived from multi-source DEMs providing flow direction, river width and upstream drainage area",
      "url": "http://hydro.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~yamadai/MERIT_Hydro/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "River Networks",
        "DEM",
        "Flow Direction",
        "Drainage Area"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global high-resolution hydrography"
    },
    {
      "name": "FloodList Global Flood News and Data",
      "description": "Comprehensive database of global flood events providing real-time flood news, maps and historical flood records",
      "url": "https://floodlist.com/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Data",
        "Flood Events",
        "Historical Data",
        "News"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global flood event database"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Aridity Index and Potential Evapotranspiration Database",
      "description": "CGIAR-CSI global aridity index and reference evapotranspiration dataset at 1km resolution",
      "url": "https://cgiarcsi.community/data/global-aridity-and-pet-database/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Evapotranspiration",
        "Aridity Index",
        "Climate Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 1km resolution"
    },
    {
      "name": "Global Water Bodies Dataset (Copernicus)",
      "description": "Copernicus Global Land Service providing near-real-time global water body detection and monitoring at 100m resolution",
      "url": "https://land.copernicus.eu/en/products/water-bodies",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Water Bodies",
        "Remote Sensing",
        "Surface Water",
        "Real-time Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global 100m resolution water body mapping"
    },
    {
      "name": "GRDC Reference Hydrological Dataset for Africa",
      "description": "Curated river discharge dataset for Africa providing quality-controlled daily and monthly streamflow data",
      "url": "https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/02_srvcs/22_gsmn/222_WMO/wmo_regions_II.html",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Streamflow",
        "River Discharge",
        "Historical Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Africa",
      "coverage": "African river gauge network"
    },
    {
      "name": "GloFAS Global Flood Awareness System (Copernicus)",
      "description": "ECMWF Copernicus global flood forecasting and monitoring system providing river discharge forecasts and flood risk alerts",
      "url": "https://www.globalfloods.eu/",
      "category": "International",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Forecasting",
        "River Discharge",
        "Real-time Data"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global river discharge forecasting"
    },
    {
      "name": "OpenAQ Air and Environmental Quality Platform",
      "description": "Open platform aggregating real-time air and environmental quality data from government and research sources worldwide",
      "url": "https://openaq.org/",
      "category": "Software",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Air Quality",
        "Environmental Monitoring",
        "Real-time Data",
        "API Access"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global air quality from 100+ countries"
    },
    {
      "name": "Aqueduct Floods Analyzer (WRI)",
      "description": "World Resources Institute tool for analyzing riverine and coastal flood risks under current and future climate and socioeconomic scenarios",
      "url": "https://floods.wri.org/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Flood Risk",
        "Climate Projections",
        "Damage Assessment"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global flood risk analysis"
    },
    {
      "name": "ISIMIP Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project Water Sector",
      "description": "Multi-model ensemble of global water sector impact projections under different climate and socioeconomic scenarios",
      "url": "https://www.isimip.org/outputdata/",
      "category": "Research",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Climate Impact",
        "Water Scarcity",
        "Hydrological Projections",
        "Multi-model"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Registration Required",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global water sector climate impact projections"
    },
    {
      "name": "GRDC Freshwater Fluxes to Oceans Dataset",
      "description": "Global Runoff Data Centre dataset of continental freshwater fluxes to the world's oceans for water cycle studies",
      "url": "https://www.bafg.de/GRDC/EN/04_spcldtbss/44_FWFO/fwfo_node.html",
      "category": "Research Institute",
      "dataTypes": [
        "Freshwater Flux",
        "Ocean Discharge",
        "Continental Runoff"
      ],
      "accessLevel": "Free",
      "region": "Global",
      "coverage": "Global freshwater fluxes to oceans"
    }
  ]
}